Ch. 12 Parents at Risk Flashcards
What is SES?
○ Highest educational degree obtained
○ Parents’ occupation
○ Income
Types of Resources
- Financial capita
- Human capita
- Social capita
Financial capita
money and income
Human capita
the availability, involvement, and motivation of other people to promote a child’s development (Attachment/Social Learning)
Social capita
access and connections to others in the community, including providers of medical care (Social services & Sports/clubs)
Linked to Parenting/Parenting Traits
○ Issues of neglect is associated with lower SES
○ Permissive parents with higher SES
Parents With Low Incomes
- Quality of Parenting Suffers
- Parents suffer
- Children suffer
- Effective parenting “buffers” harmful effects by seeking out resources an opportunities for their children
“Buffers”
When one variable protects against the potential adverse effects of another.
Problems for Homeless Parents
○ High rates of stress
○ Depression
○ Use of Harsh Discipline
Problems for Homeless Children
○ Poor health
○ Behavior Problems (Internalizing symptoms)
○ Educational Delays
○ Poor Academic Performance
Parents With High Incomes: Adjustment Problems
○ Anxiety
○ Depression
○ Substance Use
○ Emotional Problems
* Causes?
○ Values, time, parenting (gifts)
Parents in Violent Intimate Partner Relationships: Higher Rates of Child Maltreatment
○ Stress
○ Anger
○ Substance Abuse
○ Psychological Problems
○ Behavior Problems in Children
Parents in Violent Intimate Partner Relationships: risks for children
○ Witnessing IPV increases risk for problems
○ Boys high risk for externalizing problems
“Mother Blamming”
When mothers are accused of causing problems in their children.
Parents with Serious Mental Illness: Types of Deficits
○ Lacking warmth & emotional nurturance
○ Fail to engage in reciprocal interactions
○ Unable to structure & provide stimulation
○ Inappropriate supervision and discipline
Parents With Substance Abuse Problems
- Affects 9-14% of US Children
- Relapse and Recovery Cycle
- Direct Effects (social learning)
- Indirect Effects (time, marital conflict)
“Parentification”
When a role reversal occurs and the child is put in the role of an adult, such as when a child is assigned to care for a younger sibling or a child becomes an emotional confidante of a parent.
Parents of Children With Special Needs: Range of Developmental Problems
○ Degree of mental and physical impairment
○ Age of onset
○ Presence of comorbid problems
Some of the consequences on parents with Special Needs
○ Need to alter expectations & aspirations for child
○ Increased stress from many sources
○ Childrearing is demanding & less rewarding
○ At risk for their own mental health problems
“Parentification” for Low SES
High levels of neglect so child will be to be their own parent
“Parentification” for High SES
Parents are more likely to be permissive, so the child may need to be the “parent” to themselves
“Parentification” for Mental/physical health
Needing to help a parent take their medication or help talk to about problems
“Parentification” for IPV
May be the child that reaches out for help and feels responsible for the parent
“Parentification” for Substance abuse
