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Physical Science > Ch. 29 > Flashcards

Ch. 29 Flashcards

1
Q

A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions.

A

Sphere

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2
Q

An elongated, closed curved with two foci.

A

Ellipse

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3
Q

What were some ancient observation that prove Earth is a sphere?

A

Objects fall toward the surface, the shadow of the Earth on the moon, and people see different stars

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4
Q

What are two factors that effect gravitational pull?

A

Mass and distance

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5
Q

Which diameter of Earth is longer?

A

Equator

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6
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful Radiation

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7
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pole

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8
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the Southern hemisphere?

A

North magnetic pole

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9
Q

At what degrees is Earths axis titled?

A

11.7 degrees

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10
Q

Can magnetic poles flip-flop?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is the large scale movements called when they flip?

A

Magnet reversals

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12
Q

How often do magnetic reversals happen?

A

every 200,000 years

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13
Q

When was last magnetic reversal?

A

780,000 years ago

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14
Q

Within Earth magnetic field, What part deflects harmful radiation?

A

Magnetosphere

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15
Q

What are the scientific names of the southern lights and northern lights?

A 
Aurora australis (south) 
Aurora borealis (north
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16
Q

How are the Aurora’s created?

A

Electrically- charged partials from the sun collide with the atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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17
Q

Which month is Earth closes to the sun?

A

January

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18
Q

Which month is Earth farthest to the sun?

A

July

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19
Q

An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

time zone

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20
Q

The spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earths North and South pole

A

Rotation

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21
Q

The motion of Earth is an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

Revolution

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22
Q

Defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

eliptic

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23
Q

This occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly towards or away from the sun

A

solstice

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24
Q

Where Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

A

Equinox

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25
Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?
Babylonians
26
What was the symbol for degree taken from?
The Babylonians symbol for the sun
27
How many degrees does the Earth spin in one day?
360 degrees
28
How many hours does it take the Earth to make one full rotation?
24 hours
29
How many degrees does the Earth spin in one hour?
15 degrees
30
What direction does the Sun rise?
The east
31
What direction does the Sun set?
the west
32
True or false: all time zones are the exact same size?
False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites.
33
How many time zones are there in the world?
24
34
Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?
East
35
Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
West
36
How many time zones are there in the United States?
six
37
What are the name of the time zones in the US?
Alaska/Atlantic time, Pacific Time, Mountain Time, Central Time, Eastern Time, Hawaii/ Hawaiian Time
38
What is a solar day?
The motion of the Sun from noon one day to the sun at noon the next day
39
What is a sidereal day?
Looking at a certain star and looking at it again the next day
40
What are the two main reasons for seasons?
Revolution and the tilt of the axis
41
Which 2 seasons have a solstice?
Summer and Winter
42
Which month is the summer solstice?
June
43
What month is the winter solstice?
December
44
Which two seasons are the equinoxes?
Spring and fall
45
Which month is the spring equinox?
March
46
Which month is the fall equinox?
September
47
When is the longest day of the year?
Summer solstice June 21
48
When is the shortest day of the year?
Winter solstice December 21
49
When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?
The Spring and Fall Equinox March 21 or 22 September 22 or 23
50
A rise or fall in the ocean surface
Tide
51
Reflects the change of appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth
Moon Phase
52
Occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and cast a shadow on Earth.
Solar Eclipse
53
Occurs when Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and cast a shadow on the Moon
Lunar Eclipse
54
Dark-colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the Moon's surface
Maria
55
A layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon.
Regoliath
56
How many days does it for the moon to revolve around the Earth?
27.3 days
57
A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?
synodic month
58
Do we ever see the back side of the moon?
no
59
What causes a tide to rise or fall?
gravitational pull of the sun and the moon
60
What is the rise of sea level called?
high tide
61
After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?
about 6 hours
62
Which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?
the sun
63
Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth's tides?
the moon
64
How are the sun, the Earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
The sun, earth, and the moon are in a straight line
65
How are the sun, the Earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?
an L or 90 degree angle
66
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
the position of the moon, Earth and the sun relative to one another
67
When does a new moon occur?
When the moon is between the Earth and the Sun
68
How many phases of the moon are there?
Eight
69
What is the definition of a waxing phase?
the illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night
70
What is the definition of a waning phase?
The illumination portion that we see begins to appear smaller
71
What are the moons phases names?
New moon, Waxing crescent, 1st quarter, Waxing gibbous, Full moon, Waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, and waning crescent
72
Where is the word month derived from?
Derived from the same root as Moon
73
How is the Earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
The moon is between the sun and Earth
74
What is an umbra?
the dark shadow hitting Earth during a total solar eclipse
75
What is the penumbra?
A parcel eclipse
76
How is the earth, moon and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?
The Earth is between the Sun and the moon
77
How are the depressions on the moon formed?
Meteorites, asteroids, and comets
78
Are there mountains on the moon?
Yes
79
Which side of the moon is thicker?
The dark side, the side Earth doesn't see
80
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?
solid
81
What did the Clementine spacecraft do?
confirmed the thickness of the crust on the moon, and the mineral context of rocks
82
What did the Lunar Prospector do?
Took surface photos of the moon, confirmed the moon has a small iron rich core, and collected evidence that shows that water- ice on the moon
83
What is the Giant Impact Theory?
A Mars size object collided with Earth, sending debris into obit, they then condensed, then the moon was formed

Physical Science (8 decks)

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