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Physical Science > Ch. 29 > Flashcards

Ch. 29 Flashcards

1
Q

A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions.

A

Sphere

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2
Q

An elongated, closed curved with two foci.

A

Ellipse

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3
Q

What were some ancient observation that prove Earth is a sphere?

A

Objects fall toward the surface, the shadow of the Earth on the moon, and people see different stars

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4
Q

What are two factors that effect gravitational pull?

A

Mass and distance

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5
Q

Which diameter of Earth is longer?

A

Equator

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6
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful Radiation

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7
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

South magnetic pole

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8
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the Southern hemisphere?

A

North magnetic pole

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9
Q

At what degrees is Earths axis titled?

A

11.7 degrees

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10
Q

Can magnetic poles flip-flop?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is the large scale movements called when they flip?

A

Magnet reversals

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12
Q

How often do magnetic reversals happen?

A

every 200,000 years

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13
Q

When was last magnetic reversal?

A

780,000 years ago

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14
Q

Within Earth magnetic field, What part deflects harmful radiation?

A

Magnetosphere

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15
Q

What are the scientific names of the southern lights and northern lights?

A 
Aurora australis (south) 
Aurora borealis (north
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16
Q

How are the Aurora’s created?

A

Electrically- charged partials from the sun collide with the atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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17
Q

Which month is Earth closes to the sun?

A

January

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18
Q

Which month is Earth farthest to the sun?

A

July

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19
Q

An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

A

time zone

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20
Q

The spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earths North and South pole

A

Rotation

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21
Q

The motion of Earth is an elliptical orbit around the sun

A

Revolution

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22
Q

Defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun

A

eliptic

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23
Q

This occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly towards or away from the sun

A

solstice

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24
Q

Where Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

A

Equinox

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25
Q

Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

Babylonians

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26
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

The Babylonians symbol for the sun

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27
Q

How many degrees does the Earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees

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28
Q

How many hours does it take the Earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 hours

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29
Q

How many degrees does the Earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees

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30
Q

What direction does the Sun rise?

A

The east

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31
Q

What direction does the Sun set?

A

the west

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32
Q

True or false: all time zones are the exact same size?

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders, and other key sites.

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33
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

24

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34
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East

35
Q

Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West

36
Q

How many time zones are there in the United States?

A

six

37
Q

What are the name of the time zones in the US?

A

Alaska/Atlantic time, Pacific Time, Mountain Time, Central Time, Eastern Time, Hawaii/ Hawaiian Time

38
Q

What is a solar day?

A

The motion of the Sun from noon one day to the sun at noon the next day

39
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

Looking at a certain star and looking at it again the next day

40
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

Revolution and the tilt of the axis

41
Q

Which 2 seasons have a solstice?

A

Summer and Winter

42
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June

43
Q

What month is the winter solstice?

A

December

44
Q

Which two seasons are the equinoxes?

A

Spring and fall

45
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March

46
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September

47
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

Summer solstice June 21

48
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

Winter solstice December 21

49
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

The Spring and Fall Equinox March 21 or 22 September 22 or 23

50
Q

A rise or fall in the ocean surface

A

Tide

51
Q

Reflects the change of appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth

A

Moon Phase

52
Q

Occurs when the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and cast a shadow on Earth.

A

Solar Eclipse

53
Q

Occurs when Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and cast a shadow on the Moon

A

Lunar Eclipse

54
Q

Dark-colored, flat, lava-filled regions on the Moon’s surface

A

Maria

55
Q

A layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon.

A

Regoliath

56
Q

How many days does it for the moon to revolve around the Earth?

A

27.3 days

57
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

synodic month

58
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

no

59
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

gravitational pull of the sun and the moon

60
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

high tide

61
Q

After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?

A

about 6 hours

62
Q

Which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?

A

the sun

63
Q

Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

the moon

64
Q

How are the sun, the Earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

The sun, earth, and the moon are in a straight line

65
Q

How are the sun, the Earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

an L or 90 degree angle

66
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

the position of the moon, Earth and the sun relative to one another

67
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the moon is between the Earth and the Sun

68
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

Eight

69
Q

What is the definition of a waxing phase?

A

the illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night

70
Q

What is the definition of a waning phase?

A

The illumination portion that we see begins to appear smaller

71
Q

What are the moons phases names?

A

New moon, Waxing crescent, 1st quarter, Waxing gibbous, Full moon, Waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, and waning crescent

72
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

Derived from the same root as Moon

73
Q

How is the Earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

The moon is between the sun and Earth

74
Q

What is an umbra?

A

the dark shadow hitting Earth during a total solar eclipse

75
Q

What is the penumbra?

A

A parcel eclipse

76
Q

How is the earth, moon and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

The Earth is between the Sun and the moon

77
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

Meteorites, asteroids, and comets

78
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes

79
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

The dark side, the side Earth doesn’t see

80
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?

A

solid

81
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do?

A

confirmed the thickness of the crust on the moon, and the mineral context of rocks

82
Q

What did the Lunar Prospector do?

A

Took surface photos of the moon, confirmed the moon has a small iron rich core, and collected evidence that shows that water- ice on the moon

83
Q

What is the Giant Impact Theory?

A

A Mars size object collided with Earth, sending debris into obit, they then condensed, then the moon was formed

Physical Science (8 decks)

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