Ch. 25.3 & 25.4

Question 1

What is the boundary that marks the density change between layers?

Answer 1

Discontinuity

Question 2

How are discontinuities identified?

Answer 2

Using Seismic Waves

Question 3

What are shadow zones?

Answer 3

Areas where no seismic waves are recorded

Question 4

What is another term for shadow zone?

Answer 4

Dead Zone

Question 5

Between what degrees do shadow zones fall?

Answer 5

105 to 140 degrees

Question 6

Is the outer core a solid or liquid?

Answer 6

Liquid

Question 7

Why is the inner core a solid?

Answer 7

Pressure

Question 8

What makes up the lithosphere?

Answer 8

The crust and uppermost mantle

Question 9

What is the asthenosphere?

Answer 9

a plastic like layer which Earth’s plates move

Question 10

What elements make up the mantle?

Answer 10

Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, and Magnesium

Question 11

What elements make up the core?

Answer 11

Iron and Nickel

Question 12

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow…

Answer 12

Viscosity

Question 13

The chemical compound silicon dioxide,SiO2, which is a common ingredient in most magma…

Answer 13

Silica

Question 14

Tend to be small, have heights in the hundreds of meter range, and have short eruption cycles…

Answer 14

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

Question 15

Broad flat structures composed of layer upon layers of lava flows…

Answer 15

Shield Volcanoes

Question 16

Large and steep-sided, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base, and composed of layers of both lava and ash…

Answer 16

Composite Volcanoes

Question 17

What happens when magma reaches Earth’s surface and erupts as lava or ash?

Answer 17

A Volcano

Question 18

Where are most volcanoes located?

Answer 18

Plate Boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean called the Ring of Fire

Question 19

Volcanic activity happens along what plate boundary?

Answer 19

Divergent

Question 20

What is two example of volcanic activity due to divergences?

Answer 20

East African Rift Valley and Mid Atlantic Ridge

Question 21

What are hot spots?

Answer 21

Areas of volcanic activity where magma moves toward the surface in large, balloon like plumes

Question 22

Do hotspots move?

Answer 22

No they are stationary

Question 23

Magma with high viscosities contain more?

Answer 23

Silica

Question 23

Magmas with high water content have low?

Answer 23

Viscosities

Question 24

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano is classified as?

Answer 24

Pyroclastic Material

Question 25

Volcanoes erupt a variety of gases such as?

Answer 25

Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide

Question 26

What are volcanoes eruption style related to?

Answer 26

Temperature and Composition

Question 27

How are volcanoes classified?

Answer 27

By Size, Shape, and the Materials that erupt.

Question 28

What kind of temperature do Volcanoes erupt at?

Answer 28

High-Temperatures

Question 29

Volcanoes can erupt in a variety of ways such as?

Answer 29

Magma Composition and Velocity

Question 30

What is molten or liquid rock stored inside the Earth called?

Answer 30

Magma

Question 31

What is the smallest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 31

Ash

Question 32

What is the largest type of pyroclastic material?

Answer 32

Blocks and Bombs

Question 33

What are the three type of volcanoes?

Answer 33

Cinder Cone, Shield, and Composite