Ch. 26

Question 1

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form…

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

The color of a mineral in a powdered form is…

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel lines…

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces…

Answer 4

fracture

Question 5

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching…

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

Molten rock material inside Earth…

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

A mineral is …

Answer 7

a naturally occurring element, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

Question 8

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s Crust?

Answer 8

Oxygen and Silicon

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

minerals are materials that are nonliving

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

breaks, how hard it is, and type of crystal shape

Question 11

What are all they ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

Luster, Streak, Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness, and Crystal Shape

Question 12

What are the two types of luster?

Answer 12

Metallic and Nonmetallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

Like a metal surface

Question 14

How does non-metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 14

Shine on glass

Question 15

How do you perform a streak test?

Answer 15

rubbing a material on unglazed, white porcelain tile

Question 16

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

Cleavage and Fracture

Question 17

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

Mohs Scale of Hardness

Question 18

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

six

Question 20

Minerals grow from the?

Answer 20

inside out

Question 21

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

Hot water, Molten rocks, and Evaporation

Question 22

What are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

Silicate and Nonsilicate

Question 23

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s Crust?

Answer 23

Silicate

Question 24

What elements are silicates made up of?

Answer 24

silicon and oxygen

Question 25

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

silicon

Question 26

What mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

Quartz

Question 27

What is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass?

Answer 27

A Rock

Question 28

How are rock identified?

Answer 28

Composition and texture

Question 29

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Answer 29

size, shape, and arrangement of the rocks composition

Question 30

Where do intrusive rocks form?

Answer 30

Underground or on Earth's surface

Question 31

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Answer 31

Earth's Crust

Question 32

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallizations of silicate minerals?

Answer 32

Magma Composition

Question 33

What are the 3 types of magma?

Answer 33

Mafic, Intermediate, and Felsic

Question 34

What magma type has a low silica content?

Answer 34

Mafic

Question 35

What magma has a high silica content?

Answer 35

Felsic

Question 36

What kind of crust has an abundance amount of quartz?

Answer 36

Continental

Question 37

What type of crust has little to no quartz?

Answer 37

Oceanic

Question 38

What type of igneous rock has a coarse grain texture?

Answer 38

Intrusive

Question 39

What type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

Answer 39

Extrusive

Question 40

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Answer 40

quickly

Question 41

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 41

vesicular and porphyritic

Question 42

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Answer 42

vesicular

Question 43

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Answer 43

porphyritic

Question 44

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

Answer 44

Pumice and scoria

Question 45

Define Clasts?

Answer 45

small rocks and mineral framents

Question 46

What type of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 46

water, wind, and other forces

Question 47

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Question 48

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Question 49

Define pore space?

Answer 49

empty space in between the grains

Question 50

Define compaction

Answer 50

a process which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

Question 51

Define cementation?

Answer 51

a process that minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in spaces between clasts

Question 52

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 52

compaction and cementation

Question 53

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 53

Detritus

Question 54

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 54

detrital sedimentary rock

Question 55

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

Answer 55

corse, medium, fine, and very fine

Question 56

Which clast size would be deposited first?

Answer 56

very fine

Question 57

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 57

conglomerate/breccia, sandstone, siltstone, and shale

Question 58

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 58

Water that contains dissolved solids

Question 59

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 59

Biochemicals

Question 60

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Answer 60

Limestone and coal

Question 61

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 61

Detrital, Chemical, and Biochemical