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Physical Science > Ch. 28 > Flashcards

Ch. 28 Flashcards

1
Q

A layer of Earth’s Atmosphere extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface.

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

This occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

Temperature Inversion

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3
Q

A natural process where certain gases in the atmosphere warm planets as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.

A

Greenhouse Effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided?

A

Differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority/78% of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the Atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the 1% of gases in the atmosphere?

A

Trace gases majority is Argon

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8
Q

In the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decrease

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9
Q

How many layers are in Earth’s Atmosphere?

A

Five

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10
Q

Name the layers in order from closest to farthest?

A

Troposphere, Stratusphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

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11
Q

Which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

Stratusphere

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12
Q

Within the mesosphere, does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Does the Thermosphere and the Exosphere affect weather?

A

No.

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14
Q

Where does 100% of our solar radiation come from?

A

The Sun

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15
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

How much radiation is reflected by land and sea surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

How much radiation is reflected by clouds and other particles?

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, and Cirrus

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20
Q

Describe Stratus Clouds

A

Layered sheet-like

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21
Q

Describe Cumulus Clouds

A

Puffy in shape

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22
Q

Describe Cirrus Clouds

A

Wispy clouds with high altitude

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23
Q

What is the process called that water is moved into the atmosphere from the land and then comes back onto the land?

A

Water Cycle

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24
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff, and Infiltration

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25
A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air is a?
Jet Stream
26
The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth's rotation is called?
Coriolis Effect
27
What is a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout?
Air Mass
28
What is the zone where air mass interacts called?
Weather Fronts
29
How many Jet Streams are there in the world?
Four
30
How many pressure systems are there?
Two
31
What is Low Pressure system known as?
Low
32
Which way does the air pressure flow for a low pressure system?
Counterclockwise
33
What are the results of a low pressure system?
Since air rises we will have cloud formation and precipitation
34
What is a high pressure system known as?
High
35
Which way does a high pressure system flow?
Clockwise
36
What are the results of a high pressure system?
It causes the air to sink, which results in clear skies
37
What are the four weather fronts?
Cold front, Warm front, Stationary front, and Occluded front
38
How is a cold front created?
Cold air forces warm air up
39
How is a cold front represented on a weather forecast?
Blue triangles
40
How is a hot front created?
Warm air rises above cold air
41
How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Red semi-circles
42
How are stationary fronts created?
Cold and warm air masses meet (can last for a few days)
43
How are stationary fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Red semi-circles on top Blue triangles on the bottom
44
How are Occluded Fronts created?
A fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
45
How are Occluded fronts represented on a weather forecast?
Purple triangles and semicircles
46
A climate strongly affected by the ocean is?
Maritime Climate
47
A climate strongly affected by the land is?
Continental climate
48
This blows from over the water towards land in the afternoon and is caused by the influence of water?
Sea Breeze
49
What is climate?
The long-term average weather condition
50
What is weather?
The day-to-day outside conditions
51
What are the 5 spheres that create Earth's systems?
Lithosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
52
What is the atmosphere?
includes the air around us
53
What is the biosphere?
everything organic
54
What is the hydrosphere?
liquid water
55
What is the cryosphere?
Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers
56
What is the lithosphere?
Earth's outermost layer
57
What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?
Latitude
58
Where is solar radiation the most intense on Earth's surface?
Equator
59
What angle does the Sun's rays hit the tropical zone?
90 degrees
60
What angle does the Sun's rays hit the temperate zone?
45 degrees
61
What angle does the Sun's rays hit the polar zones?
30 degrees
62
What other factors determine climate?
Precipitation, mountains, and bodies of water
63
On the windward side what are the conditions like?
Cool and wet, lots of vegetation
64
On the leeward side what are the conditions like?
Warm and dry, little to no vegetation
65
What is land breeze?
Happens at night, where land come from the water (opposite of sea breeze)
66
What type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have?
Warm semi-arid, grassland
67
An increase in the average temperatures of Earth's near-surface air and oceans
Global Warming
68
The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years
El Niño
69
This is the opposite of El Niño, and occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal
La Niña
70
What are the two changes Earth's climate undergoes?
Seasonal and long-term
71
How do seasonal changes happen?
as the sun revolves around the sun
72
Which hemisphere experiences summer?
The hemisphere tilted towards the sun
73
What is the period called when most of the Earth was covered in Ice?
Ice age
74
How long ago did the Earth reach its current climate?
3,000 years ago
75
What factors could cause a climate change?
A change in Earth's axis, the shape of the orbit, the distance of the sun
76
What are some human factors that can change climate?
Energy consumption, deforestation, and industrial and agricultural practice
77
What is deforestation?
the clearing of large areas of forest land

Physical Science (8 decks)

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