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Physical Science > Ch. 28 > Flashcards

Ch. 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

A layer of Earth’s Atmosphere extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface.

A

Troposphere

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2
Q

This occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

Temperature Inversion

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3
Q

A natural process where certain gases in the atmosphere warm planets as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.

A

Greenhouse Effect

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4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided?

A

Differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority/78% of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21% of the Atmosphere?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the 1% of gases in the atmosphere?

A

Trace gases majority is Argon

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8
Q

In the troposphere does temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decrease

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9
Q

How many layers are in Earth’s Atmosphere?

A

Five

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10
Q

Name the layers in order from closest to farthest?

A

Troposphere, Stratusphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere

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11
Q

Which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

Stratusphere

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12
Q

Within the mesosphere, does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Does the Thermosphere and the Exosphere affect weather?

A

No.

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14
Q

Where does 100% of our solar radiation come from?

A

The Sun

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15
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by Earth’s surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

How much radiation is reflected by land and sea surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

How much radiation is reflected by clouds and other particles?

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, and Cirrus

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20
Q

Describe Stratus Clouds

A

Layered sheet-like

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21
Q

Describe Cumulus Clouds

A

Puffy in shape

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22
Q

Describe Cirrus Clouds

A

Wispy clouds with high altitude

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23
Q

What is the process called that water is moved into the atmosphere from the land and then comes back onto the land?

A

Water Cycle

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24
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation, Precipitation, Runoff, and Infiltration

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25
Q

A narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air is a?

A

Jet Stream

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26
Q

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation is called?

A

Coriolis Effect

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27
Q

What is a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout?

A

Air Mass

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28
Q

What is the zone where air mass interacts called?

A

Weather Fronts

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29
Q

How many Jet Streams are there in the world?

A

Four

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30
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

Two

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31
Q

What is Low Pressure system known as?

A

Low

32
Q

Which way does the air pressure flow for a low pressure system?

A

Counterclockwise

33
Q

What are the results of a low pressure system?

A

Since air rises we will have cloud formation and precipitation

34
Q

What is a high pressure system known as?

A

High

35
Q

Which way does a high pressure system flow?

A

Clockwise

36
Q

What are the results of a high pressure system?

A

It causes the air to sink, which results in clear skies

37
Q

What are the four weather fronts?

A

Cold front, Warm front, Stationary front, and Occluded front

38
Q

How is a cold front created?

A

Cold air forces warm air up

39
Q

How is a cold front represented on a weather forecast?

A

Blue triangles

40
Q

How is a hot front created?

A

Warm air rises above cold air

41
Q

How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Red semi-circles

42
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

Cold and warm air masses meet (can last for a few days)

43
Q

How are stationary fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Red semi-circles on top Blue triangles on the bottom

44
Q

How are Occluded Fronts created?

A

A fast-moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

45
Q

How are Occluded fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Purple triangles and semicircles

46
Q

A climate strongly affected by the ocean is?

A

Maritime Climate

47
Q

A climate strongly affected by the land is?

A

Continental climate

48
Q

This blows from over the water towards land in the afternoon and is caused by the influence of water?

A

Sea Breeze

49
Q

What is climate?

A

The long-term average weather condition

50
Q

What is weather?

A

The day-to-day outside conditions

51
Q

What are the 5 spheres that create Earth’s systems?

A

Lithosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere

52
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

includes the air around us

53
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

everything organic

54
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

liquid water

55
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

56
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

57
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?

A

Latitude

58
Q

Where is solar radiation the most intense on Earth’s surface?

A

Equator

59
Q

What angle does the Sun’s rays hit the tropical zone?

A

90 degrees

60
Q

What angle does the Sun’s rays hit the temperate zone?

A

45 degrees

61
Q

What angle does the Sun’s rays hit the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

62
Q

What other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation, mountains, and bodies of water

63
Q

On the windward side what are the conditions like?

A

Cool and wet, lots of vegetation

64
Q

On the leeward side what are the conditions like?

A

Warm and dry, little to no vegetation

65
Q

What is land breeze?

A

Happens at night, where land come from the water (opposite of sea breeze)

66
Q

What type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have?

A

Warm semi-arid, grassland

67
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans

A

Global Warming

68
Q

The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

El Niño

69
Q

This is the opposite of El Niño, and occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

A

La Niña

70
Q

What are the two changes Earth’s climate undergoes?

A

Seasonal and long-term

71
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

as the sun revolves around the sun

72
Q

Which hemisphere experiences summer?

A

The hemisphere tilted towards the sun

73
Q

What is the period called when most of the Earth was covered in Ice?

A

Ice age

74
Q

How long ago did the Earth reach its current climate?

A

3,000 years ago

75
Q

What factors could cause a climate change?

A

A change in Earth’s axis, the shape of the orbit, the distance of the sun

76
Q

What are some human factors that can change climate?

A

Energy consumption, deforestation, and industrial and agricultural practice

77
Q

What is deforestation?

A

the clearing of large areas of forest land

Physical Science (8 decks)

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