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Physical Science > Ch. 25 > Flashcards

Ch. 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

Harry Hess discovered a system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys called…

A

Mid-Ocean Ridge

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2
Q

A long, narrow depression is called…

A

Rift Valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plates collide is called…

A

Convergent Plate Boundary

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process called…

A

Subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart is called a…

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

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6
Q

A type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions is called a…

A

Transform Plate Boundary

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7
Q

Sudden movement or vibrations of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in earth’s crust is a…

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

A crack in Earth’s crust along which rock has moved is a…

A

Fault

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9
Q

Sudden release of strain energy as rocks move along a fault is called

A

Elastic Rebound

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10
Q

The point of origin of an earthquake is called a…

A

Focus

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11
Q

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the…

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with the Continental Drift hypothesis?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What are some evidence from the Continental Drift hypothesis?

A
  1. The coastlines match up like a puzzle piece
  2. Mountain ranges with the same rock type lined up
  3. Large land animal fossils found
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14
Q

What was the name of the supercontinent?

A

Pangea

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15
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

How did Harry Hess discover the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

Who discovered the MOR or Mid-Ocean Ridge?

A

Harry Hess

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18
Q

On the ocean floor where is younger/newer rock formed?

A

Closer to the MOR

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19
Q

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

A

Divergent, Convergent, and Transform

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20
Q

How do Convergent Plate Boundaries move?

A

They collide together

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21
Q

Subduction only happens with what type of plate boundary?

A

Convergent

22
Q

What types of crust do we have?

A

Continental Crust and Oceanic Crust

23
Q

Which type of crust has to be present for a volcanic eruption to occur?

A

Oceanic Crust

24
Q

If two continental crust converge what will be created?

A

A mountain

25
Q

If oceanic and continental crust converge what two landforms will be created?

A

Deep Sea Trench and Volcanoes

26
Q

What can be created when two oceanic plates collide ?

A

Volcanic Islands or Deep Sea trench

27
Q

What do hotspots create?

A

Volcanic islands

28
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

A

They divide apart or move away from each other

29
Q

What are examples of a divergent plate boundary?

A

MOR(in water)-only oceanic crust

East African Rift (on land)-only continental crust

30
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move?

A

They slide horizontally past each other

31
Q

What is an example of a transform plate boundary?

A

The San-Andres Fault

32
Q

What types of crust are involved in transform plate boundary?

A

Only continental

33
Q

What is a convection current?

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises

2. Magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks

34
Q

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes?

A

Divergent and Transform

35
Q

Which plate boundary has deeper earthquakes?

A

Convergent

36
Q

What are the four types of stress applied to rock that causes earthquakes?

A
  1. Compression Stress
  2. Tension Stress
  3. Shear Stress
  4. Torsion Stress
37
Q

What are the two types of deformation?

A

Elastic and Plastic

38
Q

What happens during elastic deformation?

A

When stress is removed it returns to its original shape

39
Q

What happened during plastic deformation?

A

When stress is removed it stays in the new shape

40
Q

How many types of seismic waves are there?

A

Three: Primary waves, Secondary Waves, surface waves

41
Q

What are the two types of body waves?

A

P-waves (primary) and S-waves (secondary)

42
Q

What type of wave is a primary wave?

A

Compression

43
Q

Which body wave moves the fastest?

A

Primary

44
Q

What type of materials do P-waves travel through?

A

Solids and Liquids

45
Q

What kind of wave is a secondary wave?

A

Transversal

46
Q

What kind of materials do S-waves travel through?

A

Only solids

47
Q

What type of waves do the most damage?

A

Surface

48
Q

What are two scales to measure earthquakes?

A

Richter and Mercalli Scale

49
Q

What does the Richter scale measure?

A

Amount of energy released

50
Q

What does the Mercalli scale measures?

A

Amount of damage

Physical Science (8 decks)

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