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BIOL 1191 > Ch. 28 - Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Ch. 28 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

C/C cremaster and dartos muscles of the scrotum

A

C - sk that moves testes close to body

D - sm that decreases SA of scrotum

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2
Q

What do the testes contain?

A

each lobule is filled with 2-3 seminiferous tubules where spermatogenesis occurs

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3
Q

What are the 2 cell types in seminiferous tubules?

A
  • spermatogenic cells (form sperm)

- sustentacular (support)

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4
Q

What cells are located in between seminiferous tubules? What is their function?

A

interstitial cells; secrete testosterone

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5
Q

What are the stem cells in seminiferous tubules?

A

spermatogonia (2n) located against basement membrane; develop into sperm toward lumen

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6
Q

What is the function sustentacular cells?

A

joined by tight-junctions to form blood-testis barrier

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7
Q

Describe the differentiation of spermatogonia

A 
spermatogonia (2n) 
primary spermatocytes (2n)
secondary spermatocytes (n, after meiosis I)
spermatids (n, after meiosis II)
spermatozoa (n)
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8
Q

What is the function of the acrosome on a sperm head?

A

has enzymes to help penetrate and fertilize a secondary oocyte

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9
Q

Describe the hormonal control of spermatogenesis

A

during puberty:

hypothalamus releases GnRH
ant pituitary secretes LH and FSH
- LH: stimulates testosterone secretion
- FSH: stimulates spermatogenesis

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10
Q

What is the pathway of sperm through ducts?

A

seminferous tubules
ductus epididymis
ductus deferens

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11
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

site of sperm maturation; can be stored here or ejaculated

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12
Q

What is the function of the ductus deferens?

A

stores sperm and propels them from epididymis toward prostatic urethra during ejaculation

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13
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A
  • incision to remove a portion of the vas deferens

- sperm still produced but cannot reach exterior; degenerate and removed by phagocytosis

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14
Q

What forms the ejaculatory duct?

A

union from seminal vesicle and ampulla of ductus deferens

- terminate in prostatic urethra

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15
Q

What are the 3 sections of the urethra?

A
  • prostatic
  • intermediate (through deep muscles of perineum)
  • spongy (through penis)
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16
Q

Why does prostate enlargement lead to difficulty urinating?

A

prostate wraps around and compresses urethra

17
Q

What are the 3 accessory sex glands?

A

seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

  • secrete most of liquid portion of semen!
18
Q

What is the function of seminal vesicles?

A

secrete an alkaline viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins

19
Q

What is significant of the alkaline pH of the fluid produced by the sem vesicles?

A

neutralize acid in male urethra and in female repro tract for sperm viability

20
Q

What is the function of the prostate?

A

secretes milky, acidic fluid into prostatic urethra containing citric acid and proteolytic enzymes

21
Q

What is part of the acidic fluid produced by the prostate?

A

citric acid - used by sperm for ATP production

proteolytic enzymes - liquefy coagulated semen, act as antibacterial agents

22
Q

What is the function of bulbourethral glands?

A

secrete an alkaline fluid into urethra to protect sperm by neutralizing acids from urine
- also secrete mucus as lubricant

23
Q

What is semen?

A

mixture of sperm and seminal fluid

  • secretions from seminiferous tubules, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
  • slightly alkaline (pH 7.2-7.7)
24
Q

What is the penis composed of?

A
  • body, root, glans penis
  • 3 masses of erectile tissue
  • 2 corpus cavernosa
  • corpus spongiosum
25
Q

What is the function of erectile tissue?

A
  • spongy structures composed of blood sinuses lined by endothelial cells
  • surrounded by sm muscle and elastic CT
  • fill with blood during erection
26
Q

What is the function of the corpus cavernosa?

A

dorsolateral; maintain erection

27
Q

What is the function of the corpus spongiosum?

A

contain spongy urethra; keep it open during ejaculation

28
Q

Describe how a parasympathetic reflex causes an erection

A
  • sexual stimulation dilates the arteries supplying penis

- expansion of blood sinuses compress veins, trapping blood in penis to maintain erection

29
Q

Describe how ejaculation is a sympathetic reflex

A
  • peristalsis in epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate propel semen into spongy urethra
  • urination is prevented
30
Q

What happens after ejaculation?

A
  • arterioles supplying erectile tissue constrict
  • smooth muscles within erectile tissue contract
  • blood sinuses become smaller, reliving pressure from veins
  • blood drains

BIOL 1191 (16 decks)

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