Ch 25

Question 1

Who published the first version of his periodic table, in which elements were ordered via atomic weight?

Answer 1

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 2

Henry Moseley organized elements based on

Answer 2

Atomic number

Question 3

The periodic law states that

Answer 3

Chemical properties of the elements depend on their atomic number

Question 4

There are seven periods (rows), each representing

Answer 4

The principal quantum numbers n = 1 to n = 7

Question 5

Groups (columns) represent elements that have the same

Answer 5

Electronic configuration in their valence shell

Question 6

The A elements are the

Answer 6

Representative elements

Question 7

Representative elements have what as their outermost orbitals

Answer 7

Sublevels s and p

Question 8

The B elements are non representative and fill orbitals

Answer 8

S, d, and maybe f

Question 9

Transition elements have partly filled

Answer 9

D sublevels

Question 10

Partly filled f levels are found in

Answer 10

Lanthanide and actinide series

Question 11

From left to right across a period (row), the electrons experience

Answer 11

Nuclear attraction, becoming closer to the nucleus

Question 12

What is the effective nuclear charge?

Answer 12

Net positive charge of the nucleus felt on electron

Question 13

Down a given column, the outermost electrons become

Answer 13

Less tightly bound to the nucleus

Question 14

The number of filled principal energy levels change how as you go downwards a group?

Answer 14

Increases

Question 15

Zeff (effective nuclear charge) is at a maximum for elements

Answer 15

In the top-right of the table

Question 16

Zeff (effective nuclear charge) is at a minimum for elements

Answer 16

In the bottom-left

Question 17

Atomic radius increases

Answer 17

Right to left, and from up to down

Question 18

The atoms with the largest radii will be located

Answer 18

Bottom of the groups and towards the left of the table

Question 19

Something that affects the size of an electron will also

Answer 19

Change radius of an atom

Question 20

The addition of protons increases from left to right across a period, leading to an increase in

Answer 20

Zeff (effective nuclear charge)

Question 21

Valence electrons in higher energy shells will feel less pull become

Answer 21

Zeff becomes smaller with distance

Question 22

What will be smaller, cations or anions?

Answer 22

Cations

Question 23

What is Ionization energy?

Answer 23

Energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion

Question 24

Removing an electron requires an input of energy, meaning it is

Answer 24

Endothermic

Question 25

What it the first ionization energy?

Answer 25

Energy required to remove one valence electron from the parent atom

Question 26

What is the second ionization energy?

Answer 26

Energy needed to remove a second valence electron

Question 27

Ionization energy increases from

Answer 27

Left to right across a period, and going up a group

Question 28

Why do group 1a elements have low ionization energies?

Answer 28

The loss of an electron results in the formation of a stable, noble-gas configuration

Question 29

What is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom, representing the ease by which atom can accept the electron?

Answer 29

Electron affinity

Question 30

How is electron affinity when Zeff is high

Answer 30

Electron affinity is great

Question 31

A negative electron affinity represents

Answer 31

Energy release

Question 32

Why do Group VIIA elements, or halogens, have high electron affinities?

Answer 32

The addition of an electron results in a completely filled shell

Question 33

What is the measure of the attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond

Answer 33

Electronegativity

Question 34

The greater an atom’s electronegativity, the greater its

Answer 34

Attraction for bonding electrons

Question 35

The most common electronegativity scale is the

Answer 35

Pauling electronegativity scale, ranging from 0.7 to 4.0

Question 36

Electronegativities are related to

Answer 36

Effective nuclear charge

Question 37

Electronegativity increases from

Answer 37

Left to right, and down to up

Question 38

What are the three categories of elements?

Answer 38

Metals, nonmetals, and semimetals

Question 39

Metals have properties like:

Answer 39

• Large atomic radius
• Low ionization energy
• Low electronegativity
• Malleable

Question 40

What is the ability to be drawn into wires called

Answer 40

Ductility