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Kaplan OAT Chem > Ch 24 > Flashcards

Ch 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory states:

A
  • All elements are composed of atoms
  • All compounds are made of atoms from various elements
  • Atoms can’t be created / destroyed in chemical reactions
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2
Q

One amu is equivalent to

A

One dalton

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3
Q

The atomic number of an element is equal to

A

Number of protons, which is the same as the number of electrons

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4
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Different number of neutrons found in the same element

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5
Q

The mass number of an element is equal to

A

Total number of protons and neutrons

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6
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.02 * 10^23

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7
Q

Who provided experimental evidence that an atom has a dense, positively charged nucleus?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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8
Q

Who developed the first quantum theory?

A

Max Planck

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9
Q

What does the quantum theory state

A

Matter emits energy as electromagnetic radiation in bundles called “quanta”

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10
Q

The energy value of a quantum is given by

A

E = hf

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11
Q

What is the value of h?

A

6.662 * 10^-34

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12
Q

What is the energy of an electron according to the Bohr Model?

A

E = -RH / n^2

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13
Q

How is the energy of an electron related to its orbital radius?

A

The smaller the radius, the lower the energy state of the electron

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14
Q

The Bohr model is used to explain the

A

Atomic emission spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum

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15
Q

Electrons can be excited to higher energy levels via

A

Heat or other energy

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16
Q

Electrons rapidly return to the ground state because

A

The lifetime of the excited state is brief

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17
Q

The electromagnetic energy of photons is described using what equation?

A

E = hc / wavelength

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18
Q

When electrons return to their ground states, each electron emits a

A

Photon with the wavelength characteristic of the specific transition it undergoes

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19
Q

What is a line spectrum?

A

Each line on a spectrum corresponds to a specific electron transition

20
Q

Why does each element possess a unique atomic emission spectrum?

A

Each element can have its electrons excited to different energy levels

21
Q

Describe the Lyman Series?

A

n = 1, UV spectrum

22
Q

Describe the Balmer Series?

A

n = 2, Visible and UV spectrum

23
Q

Describe the Paschen Series?

A

n = 3, Infrared spectrum

24
Q

Describe Energy between higher and lower energy:

A

E = -Rh (1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2)

25
Q

Absorption is when

A

Electron jumps to a higher energy level

26
Q

Emission is when

A

Electron lowers to a lower energy level

27
Q

The excitation of electrons results in

A

Energy absorption

28
Q

What can be used to identify elements present in a gas phase sample?

A

Absorption spectra

29
Q

What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

A

States that it is impossible to determine BOTH the momentum and position of an electron

30
Q

According to the Pauli exclusion principle

A

No two electrons possess the same set of quantum numbers

31
Q

What is an electron’s energy state?

A

The position and energy of an electron via its quantum numbers

32
Q

The principle quantum number (n) gives information about the orbital’s

A

Size

33
Q

The angular quantum number (l) gives information about the orbital’s

A

Shape

34
Q

The magnetic quantum number (ml) gives information about the orbital’s

A

Orientation

35
Q

The principle quantum number (n) represents

A

The shell where an electron is present in an atom

36
Q

The maximum n corresponds wit the element’s

A

Period in the table

37
Q

The larger the value of n, the

A

Higher the energy level and radius of electron’s orbit

38
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in an electron shell?

A

2n^2

39
Q

How is the energy in between adjacent cells as the distance from the nucleus increases?

A

The energy decreases as the distance increases

40
Q

The angular quantum number (l) tells us both the shape of the orbitals and refers to

A

The subshells that occur within each principle energy number

41
Q

When l = 0, what is the subshell?

A

S

42
Q

When l = 1, what is the subshell?

A

P

43
Q

When l = 2, what is the subshell?

A

D

44
Q

When l = 3, what is the subshell?

A

F

45
Q

The maximum number of electrons found in a subshell can be given by the equation of

A

4l + 2

Kaplan OAT Chem (16 decks)

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