ch. 2.5 Flashcards
Adobe
Sun-dried clay brick
Basic Load-Bearing Construction
Direct process, piling one stone or brick on top of another
Post-and-Lintel Construction
To create an interior space, an architect must create a span, or a distance between two supports•In basic post-and-lintel construction the lintel rests on top of two posts
Hypostyle hall
a room created by using a series of columns to support a flat ceiling
Corbeled
Babylonians, Mycenaeans
Rounded
perfected by the Romans
Vaults
A vault is an arch that has been extended like a long hallway to create an open space overhead
Barrel vaults
accommodated large numbers of visitors
Flying Buttresses
external support to allowed taller buildings and large stained-glass windows
Stained Glass Windows
were designed to bathed worshipers in divine light
Pointed Arches, Rib Vaults
were designed to make worshipers feel lifted up toward heaven
Domes
Structurally, a dome is like an arch rotated 360 degrees on its vertical axis•Very strong structure•Can span large areas because the weight is dispersed outward toward the walls
Neoclassicism
mid-18th century
Cast-Iron Architecture
Cast iron has been available since ancient times•Molten iron can be cast in a mold to almost any shape•It was not until the 18th century that it could be smelted in large quantities for building
Steel-Frame Construction
Steel is a material made from iron and a small quantity of carbon•Stronger than pure iron and had even greater potential
father of Modernism
Louis Sullivan
Form follows function
versatile interior space
Less is more
Because steel frames carry the load of the building, many Modernist architects realized there was no need to use a facing material (stone, brick)•The entire side of the building could be sheathed in glass
Postmodernism
was a new approach to architecture that began in the 1980s - combined the hard rectangles of Modernism with unusual materials and features of styles from the past
