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Anatomy > Ch 24 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch 24 - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

general functions of the kidney

A
  • Elimination of wastes
  • Chemical constancy of blood
  • Volume of blood
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2
Q

right kidney is slightly lower because of the

A

liver

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3
Q

_____ sit on top of the kidneys

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

location of kidneys

A

Superior Lumbar Region of the Posterior Abdominal Wall

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5
Q

what supports/protects the kidney?

A
  • fibrous capsule
  • fascia
  • perineal fat capsule
  • no mesentery!
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6
Q

renal cortex is where the ____ are found

A

nephrons

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7
Q

renal medulla contains the ___

A

pyramids

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8
Q

renal papilla location and function

A
  • tip of the pyramid
  • contains papillary ducts
  • where urine is released
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9
Q

urine drains into the ____ which then drains into the ____

A

minor calyx; major calyx

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10
Q

the nephron is the _____ and it contains the ____ and the ___

A

functional unit of the kidney; renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

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11
Q

where is the renal corpuscle always found

A

in the renal cortex

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12
Q

the renal corpuscle contains

A

bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

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13
Q

parts of the renal tubule are

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • loop of Henle
  • distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
  • collecting duct
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14
Q

2 types of nephrons

A
  • juxtamedullary nephron

- cortical nephron

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15
Q

specialization of juxtamedullary nephron

A
  • long loop of henle
  • has specific role in recapturing water
  • renal cortex closer to medulla
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16
Q

blood in the glomerular capillaries are

A

filtered

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17
Q

what is specialized about the filtering of the peritubular capillaries

A

they can reabsorb or secrete

18
Q

flow of blood in order

A
  1. afferent arteriole
  2. glomerular capillaries (capillary bed 1)
  3. efferent arterioles (transitional vessel to capillary bed 2)
  4. peritubular capillaries
  5. veins to the heart
19
Q

in juxtamedullary, peritubular capillaries are ____ and are called

A

straight; vasa recta

20
Q

fluids run in ____ direction between capillaries and loop of henle

A

opposite

21
Q

podocytes

A

the visceral layer of the glomerular corpuscle, made of modified simple squamous epithelium. Has interdigitation

22
Q

interdigitation

A

branches of the podocytes for filtration

23
Q

which layer of glomerular capsule does not touch capillaries

A

the parietal layer

24
Q

space between glomerular capsule layers is called

A

bowman’s capsule space

25
Q

how does the epithelium transition from glomerular capsule to the PCT

A

simple squamous epithelium → simple cuboidal epithelium

26
Q

where does secretion and absorption occur

A

in the tubule

27
Q

what can and cannot get through glomerulus

A

can: glucose, ions and water
cannot: proteins and cells

28
Q

macula densa

A

specialized group of epithelial cells form the wall of the DCT, and they sense the amount of ions in the filtrate

29
Q

what happens if there is too much or too little ions in the filtrate

A

constriction or dilation of the afferent arteriole

30
Q

filtrate becomes urine when

A

it leaves the renal papillae

31
Q

ureters dump into the (top or bottom) of the bladder

A

bottom

32
Q

____ in the ureter pushes back so that urine stays in the bladder

A

smooth muscle

33
Q

urinary bladder

A

Collapsible, muscular sac that stores and expels urine

34
Q

the trigone

A

area of the floor of the bladder between the two openings of the ureters and the urethra

35
Q

internal urethra sphincter vs external urethra sphincter (females)

A

smooth muscle and skeletal muscle (part of pelvic diaphragm)

36
Q

prostatic urethra

A

separates internal and external urethra

37
Q

membranous urethra

A

underneath prostatic urethra

38
Q

the male urethra is ____ and ____ compared to the female urethra

A

longer and spongy

39
Q

pelvic floor

A

flattened, bowl-shaped structure made of skeletal muscle associated with the exits of the body so we have control over what exits. muscles are attached to the coccyx

40
Q

micturition

A

excretion (release) of urine from body

41
Q

parasympathetic neuron makes bladder ____ but internal sphincter ____

A

squeeze; relax

Anatomy (9 decks)

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