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Anatomy > Ch 22 - Respiratory > Flashcards

Ch 22 - Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

conducting zone

A

respiratory passageways that carry air to the sites of gas exchange. also filters, warms, and humidifies air. does not contain alveoli

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2
Q

Respiratory zone

A

actual sites of gas exchange in the lungs which contain alveoli

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3
Q

septal cartilage

A
  • middle cartilage of nose, forms septum between nasal cavities
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4
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

makes up most of the nose

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5
Q

external nares

A

nostrils

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6
Q

what is the vestibule and its function

A

region where the nose hairs are. its function is filtration

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7
Q

roof of the internal nasal cavity is formed by the ___ and ___ bones

A

sphenoid; ethmoid

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8
Q

hard palate is made out of the ____ and the ____

A

maxilla; palatine bone

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9
Q

floor of the internal nasal cavity is made out of the ___ and ____

A

hard and soft palates

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10
Q

internal nares

A

region that distinguishes the beginning of the throat

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11
Q

nasal conchae function

A

Act to increase air turbulence within the nasal cavity…which acts to increase contact with the nasal mucosa

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12
Q

what is the lining of the cavities made out of

A

ciliated pseudostratified epithelium; cilia moves stuff backwards

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13
Q

what are paranasal sinuses

A

Air-filled cavities around and dumping into the nasal cavity, are lined with respiratory mucosa and is continuous with the nasal cavity

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14
Q

4 different pairs of paranasal sinuses are

A
  • fronal bone sinuses
  • maxillary sinuses
  • ethmoid sinuses
  • sphenoid sinuses
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15
Q

olfactory mucosa

A

the roof of the nasal cavtiy and it houses olfactory neurons/dendrites

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16
Q

respiratory mucosa

A

covers most of the nasal cavity and is made with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with glands in the CT. Contains goblet cells and serous cells

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17
Q

goblet cells release

A

mucus

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18
Q

serous cells release

A

digestive enzymes

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19
Q

boundaries of the nasopharynx

A

internal nares to uvula

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20
Q

boundaries of oropharynx

A

uvula to epiglottis

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21
Q

boundaries of laryngopharynx

A

epiglottis to beginning of esophagus

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22
Q

what are each part of the pharynx made out of

A

naso - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

oro and laryngo - stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)

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23
Q

pharyngotympanic tube is also known as the

A

eustachian tube

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24
Q

pharynx

A

Funnel-shaped passageway that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus

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25
Q

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) is located in

A

the nasopharynx

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26
Q

palantine tonsils are located in

A

the oropharynx

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27
Q

lingual tonsil is located in

A

the tongue

28
Q

what is and where is the larynx

A
  • Intricate arrangement of 9 cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments
  • starts at epiglottis, is anchored to hyoid bone superiorly and is continuous with the trachea
29
Q

functions of the larynx

A
  • Vocalizations
  • Open airway
  • Routing food and air to the proper passageways
30
Q

thyroid cartilage and tracheal cartilages are ___ rings, while cricoid process is a ____ ring

A

incomplete; full

31
Q

laryngeal prominence (aka Adams apple) is located on the

A

thyroid cartilage

32
Q

epiglottis is made out of

A

elastic cartilage

33
Q

arytenoid cartilages attatches to the

A

true vocal cords

34
Q

Vestibular fold is also known as the

A

false vocal cord

35
Q

laryngeal ventricle

A

dip in the structure between the vestibular fold and vocal fold

36
Q

glottis is made from the

A

vocal folds + the hole (rima glottidis) made from their separation

37
Q

what kind of cartilage is the trachea, cricoid, and thyroid made out of

A

hyaline

38
Q

the carina is the

A

ridge of tissue on the inside at the bifurcation of trachea. it is highly sensitive and can induce coughing if touched

39
Q

lining of trachea is called ____ and is made out of ___

A

submucosa; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

40
Q

what direction does the cilia move in the trachea

A

upwards, to deliver stuff to the throat

41
Q

function of cartilage in trachea

A

durability to keep the airway open, but there is no cartilage on the posterior side so the esophagus can expand

42
Q

what is trachealis and its function

A

smooth muscle that connects tracheal cartilages posteriorly, it functions to narrow passageway to increase pressure when you sneeze/cough

43
Q

Adventitia

A

fibrous connective tissue that wraps around trachea and esophagus

44
Q

right side of lung has ___ lobes and left side has ___

A

3; 2

45
Q

primary bronchi have ___ rings of cartilage, 2nd, 3rd, etc bronchi have ____ rings

A

full; segmented

46
Q

secondary bronchi are also known as

A

lobar bronchi, and they go to the lobes

47
Q

tertiary bronchi are also known as

A

segmental bronchi, and they go to bronchopulmonary segments

48
Q

what are alveoli and what are they made of

A

sacs of simple squamous epithelium (type I cells) covered with capillaries

49
Q

terminal bronchioles are the

A

last bronchiole of conducting system, no alveoli

50
Q

respiratory bronchioles are the

A

first area of respiratory zone

51
Q

terminal and respiratory bronchioles are covered in ____ that function in ____

A

smooth mucsle; constriction/dilation

52
Q

alveolar duct

A

the duct that the alveoli are connected to and receive air from, however not all alveoli are connected to the duct

53
Q

alveolar pores

A

holes that join the alveoli together

54
Q

characteristics of alveoli

A
  • elastic
  • connected via pores
  • highly vascular
55
Q

small amount of ____ on the outside of alveoli (basal surface)

A

connective tissue

56
Q

alveoli are made out of

A

areolar loose connective tissue proper, but have more elastic fibers

57
Q

more capillaries in the ____ than anywhere else

A

alveoli

58
Q

what are Type II pneumocytes

A

they are surfectant-secreting cells and they are not a part of the cell wall. interrupts water interaction with other water

59
Q

Dust cells/macrophages are

A

migratory cells that eat invaders, and the cilia moves them so you swallow them

60
Q

each lung contains roughly ___ bronchopulmonary segments

A
  1. each are separated from one another so a problem with one does not affect the others
61
Q

lobule

A

smallest subdivision of the lung that can be seen with the naked eye; looks like a hexagon

62
Q

lung hilum

A

like the doorway of the lung, anything that passes through is part of the root of the lung

63
Q

root of the lung

A

the primary bronchi and pulmonary vessels

64
Q

pleurae

A

serous membranes of the lungs, each lung has its own. sticks lung to body wall to keep it from collapsing, so there is always a tiny bit of air in the lungs

65
Q

There is ____ pressure in the pleural space that is ____ than the atmospheric pressure that keeps lungs from collapsing

A

negative; lower

Anatomy (9 decks)

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