Ch 2

Question 1

Cell’s Basic Functions

Answer 1

• obtain and use nutrients
• dispose of wastes
• replicate/regenerate/repair

Question 2

Phospholipids

Answer 2

-amphipathic

Question 3

Cholesterol

Answer 3

• found among the lipid tails of the bilayer

- structural integrity of the plasma membrane

Question 4

Glycolipids

Answer 4

• found on layer facing ECF

- Cellular adhesion and recognition

Question 5

Integral proteins

Answer 5

found in the membrane

Question 6

Peripheral proteins

Answer 6

found on top of/near the membrane

Question 7

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 7

• found going through the membrane completely

- most prevalent type

Question 8

Functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 8

• protective barrier
• cellular communications (via receptor proteins)
• regulates the movement of substances in and out

Question 9

The plasma membrane is ____ permeable

Answer 9

selectively

Question 10

Passive transport

Answer 10

requires no ATP to occur, goes down the gradient

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

requires ATP

Question 12

Simple diffusion

Answer 12

lipid-soluble molecules go directly through the bilayer down their concentration gradient

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

diffusion of water through the bilayer (through aquaporins especially)

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

an integral protein that spans the membrane enables the passage of a particular solute

Question 15

Pumps

Answer 15

use ATP to actively pump substances across the membrane

Question 16

Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Answer 16

Using vesicles (ATP) to transport materials in and out of cell. Endocytosis removes plasma membrane, while exocytosis adds plasma membrane

Question 17

Cytoplasm contains:

Answer 17

1. Cytosol
2. Organelles
3. Inclusions

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

• functions in protein synthesis
• made of proteins + ribosomal RNA
• found in RER, cytoplasm, and mitochondria

Question 19

Rough ER

Answer 19

protein synthesis

Question 20

Smooth ER

Answer 20

making/breaking down fats and calcium storage

Question 21

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

• makes final changes to proteins, then sends off in vesicle
• ## cis face is receiving side, trans face is shipping side

Question 22

Cisterns/cisternae

Answer 22

folds in the RER and G.A.

Question 23

Lysosomes

Answer 23

break things down using digestive fluid kept within the membrane

Question 24

Peroxisomes

Answer 24

form hydrogen peroxide (bad for the body), removes toxic waste

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

• outer membrane is smooth, inner membrane has many folds

- creates ATP

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

• a network of rods running through the cytoplasm

- support’s cell’s shape and produces movement

Question 27

Microfilaments

Answer 27

• there are globular or fibrous filaments (actin is globular)
• actin filaments are more dense near plasma membrane
• microvilli completely covered in plasma membrane

Question 28

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 28

• dense networks help keeps cells shape

- more evenly distributed throughout all than actin

Question 29

Microtubules

Answer 29

• often used in movements like cilia and flagella

Question 30

Centrosome and Centrioles

Answer 30

forms microtubules and aids in cellular division

Question 31

Nucleus

Answer 31

has a double membrane like the mitochondria, contains the DNA