Ch 19 - Heart

Question 1

What sticks the heart to the diaphragm

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

Where does the apex of the heart point

Answer 2

down and to the left, not on the midline

Question 3

Apex is a bit more (anterior or posterior) than the base of the heart

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

Epicardium

Answer 4

-visceral layer of the pericardium, also shared by heart wall

Question 5

Myocardium

Answer 5

cardiac muscle tissue, is thick

Question 6

Endocardium

Answer 6

lines the chambers and covers the valves of the heart, is continuous with the endothelium of blood vessels

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall (deepest to shallowest)

Answer 7

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Question 8

What are the 3 layers of the pericardium (deepest to shallowest)

Answer 8

Visceral pericardium (aka epicardium), parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium

Question 9

what is visceral pericardium and what is it made out of

Answer 9

epicardium, simple squamous epithelium

Question 10

parietal pericardium

Answer 10

adheres to the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium, is simple squamous epithelium, created by the epicardium folding over itself

Question 11

fibrous pericardium

Answer 11

adheres to the diaphragm and the roots of the large vessel, is fibrous connective tissue proper

Question 12

Where is serous fluid found in the pericardium

Answer 12

In between the visceral and parietal layers in the pericardial cavity

Question 13

Which have thicker myocardia (atria or ventricles) and why

Answer 13

The ventricles have thicker myocardia than the atria because they are pumping blood out of the heart (to lungs and to body)

Question 14

Which has thicker myocardia (left or right ventricle) and why

Answer 14

Left ventricle is thicker because it pumps blood through the aorta which goes through the entire systemic circuit, while the right ventricle pumps to a shorter distance through the pulmonary artery (the lungs)

Question 15

What separates the atria

Answer 15

The interatrial septum

Question 16

What separates the ventricles

Answer 16

the interventricular septum (myocardium)

Question 17

the coronary vessels sit in the

Answer 17

sulci (sulcus is singular)

Question 18

What are the 3 sulci on the heart

Answer 18

coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 19

A vessel that branches is called a

Answer 19

trunk

Question 20

There are __ pulmonary arteries and __ pulmonary veins

Answer 20

2 and 4

Question 21

Pectinate muscles

Answer 21

bumpy muscles only located on the anterior side of the atria

Question 22

Crista terminalis

Answer 22

Smooth, C-shaped structure in the atria that the pectinate muscles originate from

Question 23

fossa ovalis

Answer 23

remnant of a hole in the R atrium from when you were in the uterus, is now closed but left a dip

Question 24

4 vessels enter the L atrium, which are the

Answer 24

pulmonary veins

Question 25

3 vessels enter the R atrium, which are the

Answer 25

SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus

Question 26

Trabeculae Carneae

Answer 26

beams of cardiac myocyte tissue that protrude into lumen of the ventricle, looks spongy, covered in endocardium

Question 27

Papillary muscles

Answer 27

projections from walls of ventricle into ventricular cavity

Question 28

Chordae Tendinae

Answer 28

thread-like, fibrous tissue that attach to the tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves on one side and to the papillary muscles on the other

Question 29

AV Valves

Answer 29

valves between the atria and ventricles, tricuspid on right and mitral on left

Question 30

Semilunar valves

Answer 30

valves between ventricles and arteries, pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Question 31

all valves are

Answer 31

unidirectional

Question 32

SA node

Answer 32

group of specialized cardiac myocytes (pacemaker cells) that dictate how fact the heart beats

Question 33

how does electrical depolarization spread through the heart

Answer 33

via internodal pathways

Question 34

AV node

Answer 34

another group of pacemaker cells that receives the SA’s signal, which spreads thay signal through the AV bundle and eventually the Purkinje fibers

Question 35

order of contraction between the atria and ventricles

Answer 35

L + R atria contract together first, then the L + R ventricles contract together after

Question 36

Atherosclerosis

Answer 36

fatty deposits in the inner lining of the arteries that can occlude blood flow

Question 37

Angina Pectoris

Answer 37

chest pain from tissue hypoxia in the myocardium or from a spastic coronary artery

Question 38

when a blood vessel of the heart gets blocked, you get

Answer 38

a heart attack