Ch 24

Question 1

Who was Dwight Eisenhower?

Answer 1

American General and commander of Allied forces during WWII

Led troops into invasion of North Africa

Question 2

Who was George S. Patton Jr.?

Answer 2

American General and tank commander during WWII
Tank general

Battled against Erwin Rommel (“Desert Fox”)
Defeated Rommel’s Afrika Korps forcing German surrender

Question 3

What is Unconditional Surrender?

Answer 3

Giving up completely without any concessions

Question 4

What is Saturation Bombing?

Answer 4

Dropping massive amounts of bombs to inflict maximum amounts of damage

Done by the UK on Germany during the night

Question 5

What is Strategic Bombing?

Answer 5

Dropping bombs on key targets to destroy the enemy’s capacity to make war

Done by the US on Germany during the day

Question 6

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

Answer 6

African American squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during WWII

They did not lose a single man

Question 7

Who was Chester Nimitz?

Answer 7

Commanded of the U.S. Navy in the Pacific

Knew of the Japanese plans to attack at the Battle of Midway

Question 8

What was the Battle of Midway?

Answer 8

American victory and turning point of the war in the Pacific

Nimitz found out about secret Japanese plans through decoded messages
Nimitz sent aircraft carriers and fighter planes to defend from Japan
American base at Midway vital to defense of Hawaii

Question 9

What was the “Europe First” strategy?

Answer 9

The Allies were more concerned about Europe/Germany as a power than Japan.

Germany could fight British and US navies
Invade the Soviet Union
Bomb Britain

Saturation bombing
Strategic bombing

Question 10

What was the Battle of Stalingrad?

Answer 10

Germans invaded the Soviet Union, June 1941

Soviets defeated the Germans at Stalingrad
Thousands of Germans surrendered

Turning point: Nazi armies turned back westward toward Germany
The Soviet Union was now on the offensive
Hitler’s dream of dominating Europe was crushed

Question 11

What did the invasion of North Africa do for the Allies?

Answer 11

Paved the way for the invasion of Italy
Ended the reign of Benito Mussolini

Germany on defensive

Question 12

What was the goal of Saturation and Strategic Bombing?

Answer 12

Unconditional Surrender

Question 13

Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point of the war?

Answer 13

Halted Japanese offensive
Americans moved on to defeat Japanese at Guadalcanal
Allies advanced toward Japan

Question 14

Who was A. Philip Randolph?

Answer 14

African American labor leader who called for the “Double V” campaign (victory against fascism abroad and discrimination at home)

Urged Roosevelt to end discrimination in government-funded jobs

Question 15

What did A. Philip Randolph’s attempts create?

Answer 15

Executive Order 8802

Assured fair hiring practices in government-funded jobs

Question 16

What was the Bracero Program?

Answer 16

Program in which laborers were brought to Mexico to work on American farms

Question 17

What was Internment?

Answer 17

Temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group

Japanese interment (Executive Order 9066)

Question 18

What was Korematsu v. United States?

Answer 18

Supreme Court case that upheld Japanese internment

Korematsu argued that he was denied equal protection under the law because he was a Japanese American

Ordered that the decision was justified for security reasons

Question 19

What was the 442nd Regimental Combat Team?

Answer 19

Japanese American combat team that became the most decorated military unit in American History

Question 20

What was Rationing?

Answer 20

System that limited the amount of certain goods people can buy in order to give more supplies to the production of military supplies

Question 21

What was the Office of War Information?

Answer 21

OWI

encouraged the support of the war effort especially through the use of the media

Question 22

How did WWII changed life at home?

Answer 22

Created opportunities for minorities
Women gained jobs

Stirred patriotism

People were united in the sacrifices they had to make

Question 23

What were the long term effects of WWII for women?

Answer 23

Women earned paychecks and gained knowledge and experience

Future generations benefited from new opportunities

Day care options expanded

Question 24

What effect did the war have on German, Italian, and Japanese Americans?

Answer 24

They were discriminated

Particularly Japanese Americans, who were placed in internment camps under Executive Order 9066

Question 25

What effect did the war have on the nation economically?

Answer 25

Debt skyrocketed

Taxes increased

Wages and prices were controlled

Question 26

What was D-Day?

Answer 26

June 6, 1944

Allied forces invaded France’s beaches with the help

Question 27

What was the Battle of the Bulge?

Answer 27

German counterattack that failed

Resulted in an Allied victory

Question 28

Who was Harry S. Truman?

Answer 28

President during the end of WWII

Question 29

What was Island Hopping?

Answer 29

American strategy of capturing islands in the Pacific in a steady path to Japan

Question 30

What were Kamikaze?

Answer 30

Japanese fighter pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into American ships

Question 31

Who was Albert Einstein?

Answer 31

World-famous scientist who alerted Roosevelt of the need to develop atomic weapons

Question 32

What was the Manhattan Project?

Answer 32

Code name for the program to develop an atomic bomb

Question 33

Who was J. Robert Oppenheimer?

Answer 33

Key leader of the Manhattan project