1.1, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 Flashcards
What were the major Native American groups/cultures?
Mayas
Incas
Aztecs
What is one theory for how the natives got to America?
Land bridge (Russia - North America) (Migration)
What made the Mayas different?
Developed Temples, Pyramids, streets..
Established language/calendar
Grew Maize
CENTRAL AMERICA
What made the Incas different?
Had terraces, canals, aqueducts, roads
Capital: Cuzco
Strict rules, money
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA (Chile)
What made the Aztecs different?
War nation; pyramids
MEXICO
What were common cultural features of North American Natives?
Balance of gender-powers
Respect elders/look up to them
Aqueducts
Who were the early natives of North America?
Paleo-Indians
How did the North Americans act with moving locations?
Semi-Sedentary/Nomadic
Stay in the same place, MOSTLY
What were the 3 motivations of sponsoring exploration?
God
Gold
Glory
What countries were big on exploration of the Americas?
Spain, Portugal, England, France, Holland, Italy
Which 2 explorers were sponsored by Spain?
Cortés:
Cabral:
Who was Vasco da Gama?
Took advantage of Bartolomeu Dias’s discovery to reach India
Who was Bartolomeu Dias?
Portuguese mariner who learned how to get around southern Africa
Who was Christopher Columbus?
Italian mariner sponsored by Spain. Sought a route to China, in order to convert the Chinese.
Landed in Americas instead.
Who was John Cabot?
Employed by the English, sailed to Newfoundland.
Who was Pedro Alvarez Cabral?
Commanded a Portuguese fleet and discovered the coast of Brazil
Who was Amerigo Vespucci?
Explored South America’s coast and deemed it a new continent.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
Succeeded in encircling the entire globe
Who was Hernán Cortés?
Led volunteers from Cuba to Mexico and conquered the Aztecs. Ended up killing Moctezuma. Wanted WEALTH but Spanish wanted god.
What motivation did France have for exploration?
Spread Christianity
What motivation did Spain have for exploration?
God
How did the French colonize?
By being friendly with the natives
What was the first non-permanent colony in the Americas? Who founded it?
Roanoke in North Carolina
Sir Walter Raleigh
What happened to Roanoke?
Raleigh returns to see that no colonists remain
What was the first permanent settlement? Who founded it and who granted the land? What was the motivation?
Jamestown
John Smith
ENGLAND : King –> London company
GOLD (work or starve) commerce and trade for England
What was one important cash crop?
Tobacco
What was the first elected legislative assembly of the Americas?
House of Burgesses
How did Jamestown progress with it’s population?
Started out as simply motivated by Gold. Later brought in women and slaves, eventually whole families were settled
What did Plymouth face religion-wise?
Puritans and separatists who wanted to break away and form their own churches
How did the Spanish treat the natives?
Harshly. They eventually enslaved them, and threatened them from the very beginning.
Give an example of missionaries
Friars of Spain who tried to persuade natives into adopting their culture and Christianity
How did the French treat the natives?
They were friendly and traded with Indians for furs.
Treated them well because they needed them for trade and for hunting
Who was Samuel de Champlain? What did he do?
Quebec’s founder. Aided the natives in a fight against the Iroquois, but brought heavy weaponry (guns) against the native bows, and made powerful enemies with the Iroquois
What was England’s motivation
Glory and Gold
What were the original 4 colonies?
Virginia
Maryland (owned by Lord Baltimore)
The Carolinas
Georgia (led by James Oglethorpe)
What type of colony was Georgia?
A haven for those who could not pay their English debts; Oglethorpe set strict rules that no one could drink alcohol, could not work plantations (had to work their own land)
Eventually became a royal colony due to unhappy colonists
