12.3 Flashcards
Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?
Became president through the election of 1876:
Dispute of 1876/Compromise
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Resolved the contested presidential election of 1876 by giving Hayes the presidency in return for:
Withdrawing federal troops from the south
Giving a southerner a major place in office
How and why did Reconstruction end?
Corruption throughout the North and South became a pressing issue.
Financial crisis and people’s worry about the continued cost of military operations in the south eroded the reach of Reconstruction
A series of Supreme Court decisions gave the federal government less control over the south and ate away at the few protections African Americans had gained.
By 1872, what other than Reconstruction drew the nation’s attention?
Immigration increased in the North and West
Corruption and intrigue had become part of local and national politics
1873: the economy of the North became unstable when National banks failed.
What was wrong with President Grant’s two terms?
Grant was popular, but he had an unpopular administration: untrustworthy people full of corruption and scandal.. Not good for the job.
What were the national and local scandals created by Grant’s administration?
National: Grant’s Vice President was involved in a scheme to steal profits from the railroads.
Administration was suspected of corruption.
Local: Politician William “Boss” Tweed and the “Tweed Ring”: stole money from New York’s treasury.
Many city officials sold contracts to their friends across the country
What was a redeemer?
White southerner democrat who returned to power after 1870
Meant to “redeem” or reclaim the south from northerners and blacks
How did economics contribute to the end of Reconstruction?
1873: one of the nation’s most influential banks failed
The bank had overextended loans to the railroad industry
Loss of jobs, bank failures, and economic depression in the North followed
Discouraged the North’s resolve to sustain Reconstruction.
What began the downfall of the Radical Republicans? How did this downfall go?
Failure to convict president Andrew Johnson
Radical Republican leader Charles Sumner died in 1874
How did the end of Reconstruction go?
Radical Republicans lost power
Military operations in the South became too expensive
Starting in 1871, federal troops were withdrawn from the south.
In 1872, the Freedmen’s Bureau was dissolved
Radical Republican leader, Charles Sumner, died in 1874.
How did Supreme Court decisions give more power to the states
Slaughterhouse Cases
The Court restricted the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment.
1873: a citizen has certain national rights, but it was up to the state to decide how to define the rights for those who lived there
1876: Due process and equal protection clauses protected citizens only from the actions of the state, not from other citizens
Which two candidates ran during the Election of 1876
Democrat Samuel Tilden vs Republican Rutherford B Hayes
What was the Dispute of 1876?
Election of 1876
Tilden won 51% of the popular vote
Republicans claimed the votes had been miscounted
How was the Dispute of 1876 settled?
Compromise of 1877
Hayes became president
A Southerner was given a cabinet office position
The federal military troops left the south
Federal subsidies were guaranteed to repair infrastructure in the south (railroads, waterways..)
What effects did Reconstruction have on the Nation, on the South/African Americans and on Women?
Nation:
Tax-supported school system
Modernized railroads
Increased variety of the South’s crops
South:
Gave African Americans SOME opportunities
Reunited black families
Provided educational opportunities
More black representation in congress/the government
For Women:
No voting rights
