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EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) > CH. 23 ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

CH. 23 ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES Flashcards

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1
Q

acute adrenal insufficiency

A

addisonian crisis

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2
Q

the outer part of the adrenal glands that produces corticosteroids

A

adrenal cortex

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3
Q

paired glands located above the kidneys; each adrenal gland consists of an inner adrenal medulla and an adrenal cortex

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

the inner part of the adrenal glands that produces catecholamines (epinephrines and norepinephrine)

A

adrenal medulla

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5
Q

hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol (a glucocorticoid)

A

adrenocorticosteroid hormone (ACTH)

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6
Q

molecules that bind to a cell’s receptor and trigger a response by that cell. Agonists produce some kind of action or biologic effect

A

agonists

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7
Q

hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium form the urine and excrete potassium by altering the osmotic gradient in the blood

A

aldosterone

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8
Q

male sex hormones that regulate body changes associated with sexual development including growth spurts deepening of voice growth of facial and pubic hair and muscle growth and strength

A

androgens

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9
Q

molecules that bind to a cells receptor and block the action of agonists. Hormone antagonists are widely used as drugs

A

antagonists

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10
Q

a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, ADH constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure also called vasopressin

A

ADH

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11
Q

the hormone secreted by the thyroid that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood

A

calcitonin

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12
Q

hormones produced by the adrenal medulla that assist the body in coping with physical and emotional stress by increasing the pulse and respiratory rates and blood pressure

A

catecholamines

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13
Q

inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

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14
Q

hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism, the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function

A

corticosteroids

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15
Q

hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production

A

cortisol

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16
Q

condition caused by an excess of cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by an excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid hormones

A

cushing syndromea

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17
Q

disease characterized by the body’s inability to metabolize glucose.

A

diabetes mellitus

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18
Q

a form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

A

diabetes ketoacidosis

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19
Q

an excessive level of lipids circulating in the blood increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease

A

dyslipidemia

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20
Q

glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body. Endocrine glands lack ducts or release hormones directly into the surrounding tissue and blood

A

endocrine glands

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21
Q

hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that plays a vital role in the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

epinephrine

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22
Q

one of the three major female hormones that brings about secondary sex characteristics during puberty.

A

estrogen

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23
Q

glands that excrete chemicals for elimination

A

exocrine glands

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24
Q

protrusion of the eyes from the normal position within the socket

A

exophthalmos

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25
Q

diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy

A

gestational diabetes

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26
Q

cells or organs that selectively remove concentrate or alter materials in the blood and then secrete them back into the body

A

glands

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27
Q

hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level and is stimulated to be released by the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low

A

glucagon

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28
Q

a visible mass in the anterior part of the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

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29
Q

the reproductive glands and the main source of sex hormones

A

gonads

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30
Q

an autoimmune disorder that causes thyroid gland hypertrophy and severe hyperthyroidism

A

graves disease

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31
Q

a type of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged as it is infiltrated by the T lymphocytes and plasma cells

A

hashimoto disease

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32
Q

a type of T lymphocytes that is involved in both cell mediated and antibody mediated immune responses and the cells secrete cytokines that stimulate the B cells and other T cells

A

helper T cells

33
Q

a tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment

A

homeostasis

34
Q

chemicals secreted by the body that regulate many body functions, such as growth, reproduction, temperature, metabolism, and blood pressure

A

hormones

35
Q

abnormally high blood glucose level

A

hyperglycemia

36
Q

also known as hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK), HHNC is a metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes. The condition is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis

A

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) or HONK

37
Q

abnormally low blood glucose level

A

hypoglycemia

38
Q

a small region of the brain that contains several control centers for the body functions and emotions. It is the primary link between the endocrine system and the nervous system

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

a group of congenital conditions that cause either accumulation of toxins or disorders of energy metabolism in the neonate. These conditions are characterized by an infant’s failure to thrive and by vague signs such as poor feeding

A

inborn errors of metabolism (IEM)

40
Q

hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level. Insulin causes sugar, fatty acids, and amino acids to be taken up and metabolized by cells

A

insulin

41
Q

condition in which the pancreas produces enough insulin but the body cannot effectively use it

A

insulin resistance

42
Q

an essential element in the diet and an important component of thyroxine. Without the proper level of iodine intake, thyroxine cannot be produced, and physical and mental growth are diminished

A

iodine

43
Q

tissue anoxia from diminished blood flow to tissue, usually caused by narrowing or occlusion of the artery

A

ischemia

44
Q

a specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produced

A

islets of Langerhans

45
Q

Cytotoxic T cells that attack and phagocytize antigens in order to halt their reproduction

A

killer T cells

46
Q

the metabolism (breakdown or destruction) of stored fat that has been released into the circulation

A

lipolysis

47
Q

hormone that regulates the production of both eggs and sperm, as well as production of reproductive hormones

A

LH

48
Q

white blood cells that assist the lymphatic system with immunity

A

lymphocytes

49
Q

cytokines released by lymphocytes including many of the interleukins gamma interferon tumor necrosis factor beta and chemokines

A

lymphokines

50
Q

microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls

A

microangiopathy

51
Q

a rare condition that can occur in patients who have severe untreated hypothyroidism

A

myxedema coma

52
Q

tissue death usually caused by a cessation of blood supply

A

necrosis

53
Q

hormone produced by the adrenal glands that is vital in function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

54
Q

female gonads when ovaries release eggs and secrete the female hormones

A

ovaries

55
Q

the digestive gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. the pancreas is considered both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland

A

pancreas

56
Q

the inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones, including ACTH, cortisol, thyroxine, LH, FSH, estrogen, testosterone, growth hormone, and ADH

A

panhypopituitarism

57
Q

a hormone secreted by the parathyroids that acts as an antagonist to calcitonin. PTH is secreted when calcium blood levels are low

A

PTH

58
Q

a tumor of the adrenal gland usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

pheochromocytoma

59
Q

a gland in the brain that synthesizes and secretes melatonin, a hormone that affects patterns of sleep and wakefulness

A

pineal gland

60
Q

gland whose secretions control or regulate the secretions of other endocrine glands. Often called the master gland

A

pituitary gland

61
Q

an orange peel appearance and non pitting edema of the skin on the anterior part of the leg below the knee

A

pretibial myxedema

62
Q

also known as addison disease which is a rare condition in which the adrenal glands produce an insufficient amount of adrenal hormones

A

primary adrenal insufficiency

63
Q

one of three major female hormones

A

progesterone

64
Q

a common condition characterized by a lack of ACTH secretion from the pituitary gland

A

secondary adrenal insufficiency

65
Q

an unusual waveform that has a repetitive uniform see saw pattern representing an alternating current; also known as a sinusoidal waveform

A

sine wave

66
Q

a hormone that inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion by the pancreas

A

somatostatin

67
Q

lymphocytes that modulate the immune response to avoid injury to body systems

A

suppressor T cells

68
Q

tissues on which hormones are directed to act

A

target tissues

69
Q

male gonads located in the scrotum that produce hormones called androgens

A

testes

70
Q

the most important androgen in men

A

testosterone

71
Q

a gland that helps the immune system identify and destroy components foreign to the body

A

thymus gland

72
Q

large gland located at the base of the neck that produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolism

A

thyroid

73
Q

hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland

A

TSH

74
Q

a rare life threatening condition that may occur in patients with thyrotoxicosis. The condition is usually triggered by a stressful event or increased volume of thyroid hormones in the circulation

A

thyroid storm

75
Q

a toxic condition caused by excessive levels of circulating thyroid hormone

A

thyrotoxicosis

76
Q

the body’s major metabolic hormone. Thyroxine stimulates energy production in cells, which increases the rate at which the cells consume oxygen and use carbohydrates fats and proteins

A

thyroxine

77
Q

starts in childhood and requires daily injections of supplement synthetic insulin to control blood glucose

A

type 1 diabetes

78
Q

starts later in life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications

A

type 2 diabetes

EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) (10 decks)

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