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EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) > CH. 20 ABDOMINAL AND GI EMERGENCY > Flashcards

CH. 20 ABDOMINAL AND GI EMERGENCY Flashcards

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1
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder without the presence of gallstones

A

acalculus chlecystitus

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2
Q

light, clay colored stools indicative of liver failure

A

acholic stools

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3
Q

a condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment

A

acute abdomen

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4
Q

a family of conditions that revolve around a central theme of infection with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

A

acute gastroenteritis

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5
Q

linear tears to the mucosal lining in and near the anus, possibly caused by the passage of large, hard stools; a cause of lower GI bleeding

A

anal fissures

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6
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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7
Q

abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure

A

ascites

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8
Q

a group of disorders that involve inflammation of the gallbladder; these include choleangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and acalculus cholecystitis

A

biliary tract disorders

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9
Q

a bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also called hyperperistalsis

A

borborygmi

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10
Q

sphincter that serves as a door way connecting the esophagus and the stomach and controls the amount of food that moves up the esophagus

A

cardiac sphincter

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11
Q

inflammation of the bile duct

A

choleangitis

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12
Q

the presence of stones within the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

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13
Q

the inflammation of the gall bladder

A

cholecystitis

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14
Q

early liver failure characterized by portal hypertension, coagulation deficiencies and diminished detoxification

A

cirrhosis

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15
Q

the term given to the slurry of food that has been partially digested, then exits the stomach and enters the duodenum

A

chyme

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16
Q

inflammation of the ileum and possibly other portions of the GI tract in which the immune system attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrowed, stiff and weakened

A

Crohn disease

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17
Q

a state in which the body lacks adequate fluids because of inadequate water intake or excessive fluid loss

A

dehydration

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18
Q

liquid stool

A

diarrhea

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19
Q

the mechanical and chemical breakdown of ht large molecules in food into small molecules that can be absorbed in the GI tract and converted to energy for cellular function

A

digestion

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20
Q

inflammation of the pouches in the colon; these pouches forma as a result of difficulty moving feces through the colon. Once the pouches are formed, bacteria can become trapped in the pouches leading to inflammation and infection

A

diverticulitis

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21
Q

a weak area in the colon that begins to have small outcroppings that turn into pouches; plural is diverticula

A

diverticulum

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22
Q

severe abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant with coughing; a method for evaluating a patient for peritonitis

A

Dunphy sign

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23
Q

insertion of a flexible fiberoptic tube into the esophagus to visualize, remove, or repair damaged or disease tissue

A

endoscopy

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24
Q

the region of the abdomen directly inferior to the xiphoid process and superior to the umbilicus

A

epigastric

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25
Q

dilated blood vessels of the esophagus caused by difficulty in the blood flow through the liver; the presence of these can lead to vessel rupture

A

esophagogastric varices

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26
Q

smelling of feces

A

feculent

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27
Q

an abnormal connection between two cavities

A

fistula

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28
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

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29
Q

a condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move superiorly; can cause burning sensation within the chest and also called acid reflux disease

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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30
Q

a congenital malformation in which an embryo develops improperly and a portion of the GI tract develops outside of the abdominal wall instead of inside

A

gastroschisis

31
Q

vomit with blood

A

hematemesis

32
Q

passage of stool in which bright red blood can be distinguished

A

hematochezia

33
Q

impairment of brain function resulting from failure of the liver

A

hepatic encephalopathy

34
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus that cause fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function

A

hepatitis

35
Q

the protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening

A

hernia

36
Q

a bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also called borborygami

A

hyperperistalsis

37
Q

decreased bowel sounds

A

hypoperistalsis

38
Q

yellowish coloration of the conjunctiva caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood during liver failure

A

icteric

39
Q

a type of hernia in which an organ is trapped in the new location; obstruction of the bowel

A

incarcerated

40
Q

a type of hernia in which intestinal contents herniate through an incision; like after abdominal surgery

A

incisional

41
Q

telescoping of the intestines into themselves

A

intussusception

42
Q

a condition in which patients have abdominal pain and changes in their bowel habits; generally pain must be present for at least 3 days a month for at least 3 months to be considered a disease

A

irritable bowel syndrome

43
Q

a condition in which the junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears causing severe bleeding and potentially death

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

44
Q

incorrect rotation of intestines as a result of congenital anomaly such as gastroschisis; can result in intestinal obstruction

A

malrotation

45
Q

dark, tarry, malodorous stools caused by upper GI bleeding

A

melena

46
Q

an interruption in blood supply to the mesentary

A

mesenteric ischemia

47
Q

pressure applied to the upper right quadrant of the abdomen to help detect gallbladder problems

A

murphy signs

48
Q

assessment of vital signs in two different patient positions to determine degree of hypovolemia

A

orthostatic vital signs

49
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

50
Q

pain caused by the inflammation of the parietal peritoneum that is generally described as steady aching and aggravated by movement

A

parietal pain

51
Q

a disease in which the mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum have been eroded, allowing the acid to eat into these organs

A

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

52
Q

rhythmic contraction of the intestines and esophagus that allow material to move through them

A

peristalsis

53
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum, the protective membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

peritonitis

54
Q

increased pressure in the portal veins; caused by the inability of blood to normally flow through the liver; can lead to rupture of these vessels

A

portal hypertension

55
Q

a large vessel created by the intersection of blood vessels from the GI system; the portal vein drains into the liver

A

portal vein

56
Q

term used to describe an abdomen with a convex, or distended, shape; can be caused by edema

A

protuberant

57
Q

itching

A

pruritus

58
Q

hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach; leads to intestinal obstruction often in infants

A

pyloric stenosis

59
Q

pain that the patient feels when the pressure is released as opposed to when the pressure is applied; characteristic of appendicitis

A

rebound tenderness

60
Q

an infection involving a collection of pus in the rectal walls that result from blockage of the rectal mucus ducts

A

rectal abscess

61
Q

the pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located

A

referred pain

62
Q

a concave shape of the abdomen and cane caused by evisceration

A

scaphoid

63
Q

a bowel movement that has a soft serve ice cream consistency

A

soft stool

64
Q

localized pain felt deeply representing irritation or injury to tissue causing activation of peripheral nerve tracts

A

somatic pain

65
Q

foamy, fatty stools associated with the liver failure or gallbladder problems

A

steatorrhea

66
Q

complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue

A

stangulated

67
Q

vertical stretch marks that occur when a person loses or gains weight rapidly

A

striae

68
Q

a loud high pitched sound similar to the sound of a drum heard on percussion of a hollow space like an empty stomach or puffed out cheek

A

tympanic

69
Q

generalized inflammation of the colon that result in a weakened dilated rectum making it prone to infection and bleeding

A

ulcerative colitis

70
Q

the region of the abdomen surrounding the umbilicus

A

umbilical

71
Q

an itching rash

A

urticaria

72
Q

crampy aching pain deep within the body, the source of which is usually difficult to pinpoint; common with urologic problems

A

visceral pain

73
Q

twisting of the bowel until a kink occurs; results in blocked flow

A

volvulus

EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) (10 decks)

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