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EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) > CH. 21 GENITOURINARY AND RENAL EMERGENCY > Flashcards

CH. 21 GENITOURINARY AND RENAL EMERGENCY Flashcards

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1
Q

a sudden decrease in filtration through the glomeruli

A

acute renal failure (ARE)

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2
Q

triangular paired structures located on top of the kidneys that produce essential hormones to help regulate body processes

A

adrenal glands

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3
Q

the structure in the kidney that supplies blood to the glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

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4
Q

the presence of air in the venous circulation, which forms a gas bubble that can block the outflow of blood from the right ventricle to the lung; can lead to cardiac arrest, shock, or other life-threatening complications

A

air embolism

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5
Q

one of the two main hormones responsible for adjustments to the final composition of urine, aldosterone increases the rate of active reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions into the blood and decreases reabsorption of potassium

A

aldosterone

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6
Q

one of the two main hormones responsible for adjustments to the final composition of urine. ADH causes ducts in the kidney to become more permeable to water

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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7
Q

a complete cessation of urine production

A

anuria

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8
Q

increased nitrogenous wastes in the blood

A

azotemia

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9
Q

age related nonmalignant (noncancerous) enlargement of the prostate gland

A

benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH)

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10
Q

large urinary tubes that branch off the renal pelvis and connect with the renal pyramids to collect the urine draining from the collecting tubules

A

calyces (singular; calyx)

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11
Q

progressive and irreversible inadequate kidney function caused by the permanent loss of nephrons

A

chronic renal failure (CRF)

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12
Q

part of the internal anatomy of the kidney; the lighter colored outer region closer to the capsule

A

cortex

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13
Q

the process by which the body produces either concentrated or diluted urine, depending on the body’s needs

A

countercurrent multiplier

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14
Q

a condition characterized by nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion which results when water initially shifts from the bloodstream into the CSF increasing intracranial pressure

A

disequilibration syndrome

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15
Q

connects with the kidney’s collecting tubules

A

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

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16
Q

chemicals that increase urinary output

A

diuretics

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17
Q

the structure in the kidney where blood drains from the glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

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18
Q

a condition in which the kidneys have lost all ability o function, and toxic waste material build up in the patient’s blood; occurs after acute or chronic renal failure

A

end stage renal disease (ESRD)

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19
Q

an infection that causes inflammation of the epididymis along the posterior border of the testis; a possible complication of male urinary tract infection

A

epididymis

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20
Q

a condition that results from bacteria entering a laceration to the scrotum or perineum, causing infection and subsequent necrosis of the subcutaneal tissue and muscle in the scrotum

A

fournier gangrene

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21
Q

a double layered cup with the inner layer infiltrating and surrounding the capillaries of the glomerulus

A

glomerular capsule (Bowman’s)

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22
Q

the rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli

A

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

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23
Q

a tuft of capillaries located in the kidney that serves as the main filter of the blood in the kidney

A

glomerulus

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24
Q

the presence of blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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25
Q

a cleft where the ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave the kidney

A

hilus

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26
Q

internal shunt

A

called an arteriovenous (AV) fistula that is an artificial connection between a vein and artery usually in the forearm or upper arm

27
Q

a chronic inflammation of the interstitial cells surrounding the nephrons

A

interstitial nephritis

28
Q

a type of acute renal failure characterized by the damage in the kidney itself, caused by immune mediated disease, pre renal ARF, toxins, heavy metals, some medications or some organic compounds

A

infrarenal acute renal failure (IARF)

29
Q

a structure formed at the site where the efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule meet

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

30
Q

solid, bean shaped organs housed in the retroperitoneal space that filter blood and excrete body wastes in the form of urine

A

kidneys

31
Q

solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract

A

kidney stones

32
Q

the U-shaped portion of the renal tubule that extends from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubule; concentrates the filtrate and converts it to urine

A

loop of henle

33
Q

part of the internal anatomy of the kidney; the middle layer

A

medulla

34
Q

a spinal reflex that causes contractions of the bladder’s smooth muscle, producing the urge to void as pressure is exerted on the internal urinary sphincter

A

micturition reflex

35
Q

the structural and functional units of the kidney that form urine; composed of the glomerulus, the glomerular capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and the distal convoluted tubule

A

nephrons

36
Q

urine output of less than 500 ml/day

A

oliguria

37
Q

a complication of a male urinary tract infection in which one or both testes become infected, enlarged, and tender, causing pain and swirling in the scrotum

A

orchitis

38
Q

a condition that results when the foreskin is retracted over the glans penis and becomes entrapped; constriction of the glans causes it to swell even further

A

paraphimosis

39
Q

a set of capillaries unique to the kidney that branch off form the efferent arteriole; the site of tubular reabsorption

A

peritubular capillaries

40
Q

inability to retract the distal foreskin over the glans penis

A

phimosis

41
Q

special cells in the inner membrane of the glomerulus that wrap around the capillaries in the glomerulus forming filtration slits

A

podocytes

42
Q

a type of acute renal failure caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidneys, commonly caused a blockage of the urethra by an enlarged prostate gland, renal calculi or strictures

A

post renal ARF

43
Q

a painful, tender persistent erection of the penis that can result from spinal cord injury. erectile dysfunction drugs, or sickle cell disease

A

priaprism

44
Q

one of the two complex sections of the nephron, the PCT includes an enlargement at the end called the glomerular capsule

A

proximal convoluted capsule (PCT)

45
Q

inflammation of the kidney lining

A

pyelonephritis

46
Q

paint that originates in one area of the body but is perceived as coming from a different area of the body

A

referred pain

47
Q

inward extensions of cortical tissues that surround the renal pyramids

A

renal columns

48
Q

a technique for filtering the blood of its toxic wastes, removing excess fluids, and restoring the normal balance of electrolytes

A

renal dialysis

49
Q

dense, fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney to the abdominal wall

A

renal fascia

50
Q

part of the internal anatomy of the kidney; a flat, funnel shaped tube filling the sinus at the level of the hilus

A

renal pelvis

51
Q

parallel cone shaped bundles of urine collecting tubules that are located in the medulla of the kidneys

A

renal pyramids

52
Q

a hormone produced by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus when the blood pressure is low

A

renin

53
Q

twisting of the testicle on the spermatic cord, from which it is suspended; associated with scrotal pain and swelling and is a medical emergency

A

testicular torsion

54
Q

the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other waste products in the blood

A

uremia

55
Q

a powdery buildup of uric acid especially on the skin of the face

A

uremic fossa

56
Q

a pair of thick walled, hollow tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

A

ureters

57
Q

a hollow tubular structure that drains urine form the bladder expelling it from the body

A

urethra

58
Q

a hollow muscular sac in the midline of the lower abdominal area that stores urine until it is released form the body

A

urinary bladder

59
Q

the inability to control the release of urine from the bladder; loss of bladder control

A

urinary incontinence

60
Q

incomplete emptying of the bladder or a complete lack of ability to empty the bladder

A

urinary retention

61
Q

infections of the lower urinary tract like the urethra and the bladder that occur when normal flora (bacterial that populate the skin) enter the urethra and multiply

A

urinary tract infections (UTI)

62
Q

liquid waste products filtered out of the body by the urinary system

A

urine

63
Q

a series of peritubular capillaries that surround the loop of hence, into which water moves after passing through the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of henle

A

vasa recta

64
Q

crampy, aching pain deep within the body that is the source of which is hard to pinpoint and common with genitourinary problems

A

visceral pain

EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) (10 decks)

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