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EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) > CH. 18 NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES > Flashcards

CH. 18 NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES Flashcards

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1
Q

an area in the brain or spinal cord in which cells have been attacked, typically by an infectious agent. The immune system erects a wall to prevent spread of infection, creating a pus filled pocket within the nervous system tissue

A

abscess

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2
Q

endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenalin when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system

A

adrenal glands

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3
Q

nerves that send information to the brain

A

afferent nerves

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4
Q

inability to connect an object with its correct name

A

agnosia

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5
Q

a progressive organic condition in which neurons in the brain die causing dementia

A

alzheimer disease

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6
Q

aka lou gehrig disease that strikes the voluntary motor neurons causing their death. The disease is characterized by fatigue and general weakness of muscle groups; eventually the patient becomes unable to walk, eat or speak

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

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7
Q

lack of feeling within a body part

A

anesthesia

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8
Q

unequal pupils within a greater than 1 mm difference

A

anisocoria

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9
Q

inability to connect an object with its proper use

A

apraxia

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10
Q

alteration in the ability to perform coordinated motions like walking

A

ataxia

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11
Q

sensations experienced before an attack occurs. Common in seizures and migraine headaches

A

aura

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12
Q

evaluation tool used to determine a patient’s level of conciousness

A

AVPU

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13
Q

the long slender filament projecting from a nerve cell that conducts impulses to adjacent cells

A

axon

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14
Q

a temporary paralysis of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) which controls the muscles of each side of the face

A

Bell Palsy

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15
Q

the slowing down of the voluntary body movements and found in Parkinson’s disease

A

bradykinesia

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16
Q

the area of the brain between the spinal cord and the cerebrum surrounded by the cerebellum and controls the functions that are necessary to sustain life like respiration

A

brainstem

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17
Q

the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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18
Q

the region of the brain essential in coordinating muscle movement

A

cerebellum

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19
Q

a developmental condition in which damage is done to the brain. It presents during infancy as a delay in walking or crawling and can take on a spastic form in which muscles are in a nearly constant state of contraction

A

cerebral palsy (CP)

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20
Q

type of seizure movement involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups

A

clonic activity

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21
Q

a state in which a person does not respond to verbal or painful stimuli

A

coma

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22
Q

sensory stimulation that can be verified by others

A

common reality

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23
Q

corneal reflex

A

a protective movement that results in blinking, moving the head posteriorly and pupillary constriction

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24
Q

the two identical cells produced when a parent cell divides by mitosis

A

daughter cells

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25
Q

abnormal extension of the arms with rotation of the wrists along with toe pointing. This indicates brainstem damage

A

decerebrate posturing

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26
Q

abnormal flexion of the arms toward the chest with the toes pointed. It indicates lower cerebral damage

A

decorticate posturing

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27
Q

movement of the nerves form one side of the brain to the opposite side of the body

A

decussation

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28
Q

thoughts, ideas, or perceived abilities that have no basis in common reality

A

delusions

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29
Q

the slow, progressive onset of disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function

A

dementia

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30
Q

the part of the brain that lies between the brainstem and the cerebrum and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

diencephalon

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31
Q

contractions of body into bizarre positions

A

dystonia

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32
Q

nerves that leave the brain through the peripheral nervous system and convey commands to other parts of the body

A

efferent nerves

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33
Q

a toxin released by some bacteria when they die

A

endotoxin

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34
Q

a toxin secreted by living cells to aid in the death and digestion of other cells

A

exotoxin

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35
Q

damage or loss in the ability to speak

A

expressive aphasia

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36
Q

walking or ambulating

A

gait

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37
Q

evaluation tool used to determine level of consciousness and effective in determining patient outcomes

A

GCS scale

38
Q

damage or loss of both the ability to speak and understand speech

A

global aphasia

39
Q

a rare condition that begins as a sensation of weakness and tingling in the legs moving to the arms and thorax; the disorder can lead to paralysis within two weeks

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

40
Q

sensory stimulation that cannot be verified by others

A

hallucinations

41
Q

weakness to one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

42
Q

paralysis to one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

43
Q

one of the two main types of stroke and occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

A

hemorrhagic

44
Q

compromising the most inferior portion of the diencephalon, the hypothalamus controls many essential functions, including pulse rate, digestion, sexual development, temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and sleep wake cycle

A

hypothalamus

45
Q

of no known cause

A

idiopathic

46
Q

the number of people in a given population like the US and are newly diagnosed with a particular disease or disorder in a specified 1 yr period

A

incidence

47
Q

a tremor that occurs when trying to accomplish a task

A

intention tremor

48
Q

one of the two main types of stroke and sometimes called an occlusive stoke; occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage like an occlusion within an artery

A

ischemic

49
Q

the wave like movement of a seizure from a point of focus to other areas of the brain

A

Jacksonian march

50
Q

structures within the cerebrum and diencephalon that influence emotions, motivation, mood, and sensations of pain and pleasure

A

limbic system

51
Q

the inferior portion of the midbrain which serves as the conduction pathway for ascending and descending nerve tracts

A

medulla oblongata

52
Q

the process by which cells from a malignant neoplasm break away from their site of origin such as the lung and move through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other body sites such as the brain

A

metastasis

53
Q

the part of the brain responsible for helping to regulate level of consciousness

A

midbrain

54
Q

an autoimmune condition in which the body attacks the myelin that insulates the brain and spinal cord causing scarring

A

multiple sclerosis (MS)

55
Q

a change in the sequence of a cell’s DNA that damages the cell’s structure or impedes its ability to function

A

mutation

56
Q

a condition in which the body generates antibodies against its own ACh receptor, causing muscle weakness and often in the face

A

myasthenia gravis

57
Q

an insulating sheath that envelops certain types of neurons, allowing the cells to transmit electricity along their axons without dissipation of the signal as it moves through surrounding fluids and tissues

A

myelin

58
Q

jerking motions of the body

A

myoclonus

59
Q

a tumor

A

neoplasm

60
Q

a chemical produced by the body that stimulates electrical reactions in adjacent neurons

A

neurotransmitter

61
Q

the rhythmic shaking of the eyes

A

nystagmus

62
Q

sensation of tingling, numbness, or pins and needles in a body part

A

paresthesia

63
Q

a neurologic condition in which the portion of the brain responsible for production of dopamine has been damaged or overused resulting in tremors

A

Parkinson Disease

64
Q

the part of the nervous system that consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. These nerves may be sensory, motor, or connecting nerves

A

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

65
Q

a group of conditions in which the nerves that exit the spinal cord are damaged; distorting signals to and from the brain. One type of peripheral neuropathy is caused by diabetes; peripheral nerves are damaged as the blood glucose level rises resulting in lack of sensation, numbness, burning, pain, paresthesia, and muscle weakness

A

peripheral neuropathy

66
Q

the gland that secretes hormones that regulate the function of many other glands in the body also called the hypophysis

A

pituitary gland

67
Q

a viral infection that attacks and destroys nerve axons, like motor axons. The disease can cause weakness, paralysis, and respiratory arrest. Because an effective vaccine has been developed, the incidence of the disease is now rare

A

poliomyelitis

68
Q

the portion of the brainstem that lies below the midbrain and contains nerve fibers that affect sleep and respiration

A

pons

69
Q

the period of time after a seizure in which the brain is reorganizing activity

A

postictal

70
Q

the death of nerve fibers as a late consequence of polio; the syndrome is characterized by swallowing difficulties, weakness, fatigue, and breathing problems

A

postpolio syndrome

71
Q

a tremor that occurs as the person holds a body part still

A

postural tremor

72
Q

abnormal body positioning that indicates damage to the brain

A

posturing

73
Q

the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease

A

prevalence

74
Q

the early signs and symptoms that occur before a disease or condition fully appears like dizziness before fainting

A

prodromal/prodrome

75
Q

turning of the lower arms in a palm downward manner

A

pronation

76
Q

breaking with a common reality and existing mainly within an internal world

A

psychosis

77
Q

prolapse of a body part; often refers to a drooping of the eyelid

A

ptosis

78
Q

damage to or loss of the ability to understand speech

A

receptive aphasia

79
Q

a tremor that occurs when the body part is not in motion

A

rest tremor

80
Q

stiffness or hardness (in motion). Found in patients with parkinson’ disease

A

rigidity

81
Q

a developmental anomaly in which a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside the spinal column or even outside the body, usually in the area of the lumbar spine (the lower third of the spine)

A

spina bifida

82
Q

a condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or in which seizure activity lasts more than 30 minutes

A

status epilepticus

83
Q

a small notch located on the frontal bone near the inner upper area of each orbit

A

supraorbital foramen

84
Q

gaps between nerve cells, across which nervous stimuli are transmitted

A

synapses

85
Q

a fainting spell or transient loss of conciousness

A

syncope

86
Q

a type of seizure movement involving the constant contraction and trembling o muscle groups

A

tonic activity

87
Q

a disorder in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen causing stroke like symptoms that resolve completely within the 24 hours of onset

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

88
Q

fine involuntarily, rhythmic movements, usually involving the hands or head

A

tremors

89
Q

the involuntary contraction of the mouth resulting in clenched teeth. Occurs during seizures and head injuries

A

trismus

90
Q

severe renal failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood. Eventually brain functions will be impaired

A

uremia

EMT-P (PAR 231 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES) (10 decks)

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