Ch. 20 - Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards
Cytochrome oxidase reaction of enterics
Cytochrome oxidase negative
Carbohydrate fermented by all enterics
Glucose
Enterics that do not reduce nitrates to nitrites
- Erwinia
- Pantoea agglomerans
Non-motile enterics
- Shigella
- Klebsiella
Structure that enables enterics to be motile
Pili (fimbriae)
Gram reaction of enterics
Gram negative
Oyxygen requirements of enterics
Facultatively anaerobic
Culture media used for presumptive identification of enterics
- MAC
- HEA
- XLD
Rapid fermenting enterics
- Klebsiella
- Escherichia
- Enterobacter
Late fermenting enterics
- Citrobacter
- Hafnia
- Pantoea
- Serratia
Non-fermenting enterics
- Proteus
- Edwardsiella
- Morganella
- Providencia
- Yersinia
- Salmonella
- Shigella
Heat-stable antigen; located on the cell wall; made up of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
O antigen/somatic antigen
Heat-labile antigen on the surface of flagella; structures responsible for motility; made up of proteins
H antigen/flagellar antigen
Heat-labile antigen; found in capsular polysaccharide; covers the O antigen
K antigen/capsular antigen/envelope antigen
Place where O/somatic antigen is found
Cell wall
Substance that makes up O/somatic antigen
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Place where H/flagellar antigen is found
Surface of flagella
Substance that makes up H/flagellar antigen
Proteins
Place where K antigen is found
Capsular polysaccharide
Heat-stable antigen
O/somatic antigen
2 heat-labile antigens
- H/flagellar antigen
- K/capsular/envelope antigen
Organ where E. coli is commonly isolated from
Colon
Antigens of E. coli used for the identification of strains associated with serious enteric disease
O and H antigens
Antigen of E. coli that masks O antigen during bacterial agglutination by specific antiserum
K antigen
Carbohydrates fermented by E. coli
- glucose
- lactose
- trehalose
- xylose
IMViC results for E. coli
I: +
M: +
V: -
C: -
Most common cause of UTIs in humans
Uropathogenic E. coli
Virulence factors for uropathogenic E. coli
- pili
- cytolysins
- aerobactin
Virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli which allows adherence to epithelial cells
Pili
Virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that kills immune effector cells and inhibits phagocytosis and chemotaxis of certain WBCs
Cytolysins
Virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that allows the bacterial cell to chelate iron
Aerobactin
E. coli that causes diarrhea of infants and adults in tropical and subtropical climates
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Common names of the disease caused by ETEC
- Traveler’s diarrhea
- Montezuma’s Revenge
- Turista
2 types of toxins produced by ETEC
- heat-labile toxin (LT)
- heat-stable toxin (ST)
Fragment of heat-labile toxin of ETEC that activates adenylate cylase; causes hypersecretion of electrolytes and fluid (watery diarrhea); ATP to cAMP
A (active)
Fragment of heat-labile toxin of ETEC that confers specificity; provides entry for the A portion
B
Toxin by ETEC that stimulates guanylate cylase which causes increased production of cGMP
Heat-stable toxin (ST)
The only E. coli strain that grows in blood agar
ETEC
E. coli strain with the same toxins with Vibrio cholerae
ETEC
E. coli strain that is Shigella-like
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Test previously used to determine virulence of Shigellae and EIEC
Sereny Test
Test used to detect the invasiveness of EIEC
Monolayer cell cultures with human epithelial-2 cells (Hep-2)
E. coli strain that causes the stool to have large amounts of mucus but no blood
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
E. coli strain that is noninvasive and does not produce toxins
EPEC
Test used yo identify EPEC
Serologic typing with pooled antisera
Other name of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
E. coli 0157:H7
Former name of EHEC
Verotoxic E. coli (VTEC)
2 cytotoxins produced by EHEC
- verotoxin I
- verotoxin II
Cytotoxin by EHEC that is phage-encoded identical yo Shiga toxin (Stx); damages Vero cells; neutralized by the antibody against Stx
Verotoxin I
Cytotoxin by EHEC; biologically similar but immunologically different from Stx; AKA Shiga toxigenic E. coli
Verotoxin II
Appearance of EHEC from stool culture in SMAC
Colorless
Culture medium used to identify EHEC
SMAC (MAC agar containing sorbitol)