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Bacteriology > Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Flashcards

0
Q

Destroys microorganisms by inhibiting their development or action

A

Antimicrobial agents

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1
Q

Produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms

A

Antibiotics

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2
Q

Agents that inhbit the growth of microorganisms but relies on the host immune system to follow through to destroy organisms

A

Bacteriostatic agents

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3
Q

Agents that kill the microbe and causes cell lysis

A

Bacteriocidal agents

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4
Q

Agents with limited spectrum of action. Example: penicillin

A

Narrow spectrum

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5
Q

Spectrum of activity of penicillin

A

Gram positive bacteria

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6
Q

Agents that action against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Example: tetracycline

A

Broad spectrum

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7
Q

Disadvantage of using broad spectrum agents

A

They also destroy/inhibit normal flora

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8
Q

Infections that results afater the treatment of the primary infection

A

Superinfection

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9
Q

3 organisms capable of superinfection

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Candida albicans (fungus)
  • Staphylococcus aureus
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10
Q

2 types of bacterial resistance

A
  • intrinsic resistance

- acquired resistance

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11
Q

Type of bacterial resistance. Characteristic of organism before antibiotic use

A

Intrinsic resistance

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12
Q

Bacteria that has intrinsic resistance to novobiocin

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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13
Q

4 bacteria that have intrinsic resistance to polymyxins

A
  • Proteus
  • Providencia
  • Edwardsiella
  • Morganella
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14
Q

Type of bacterial resistance that is necessitated by prior exposure to the antimicrobial agent. May result from chromosomal mutations or from plasmids.

A

Acquired resistance

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15
Q

3 ways for the transfer of resistance

A
  • conjugation
  • transduction
  • transformation
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16
Q

3 specific mechanisms of resistance

A
  • modification of the target site
  • inactivation of the antimicrobial agent
  • decreased permeability of the cell wall
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17
Q

Medium used with Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

A

Mueller-Hinton Agar

18
Q

Specific disk diffusion susceptibility testing method which uses MHA and paper disks impregnated with specific antibiotics are place on the agar and then the zone of inhibition is measured

A

Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test

19
Q

An indicator of the relative susceptibility of of the organism to the antibiotic in the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test

A

Diameter of the zone of inhibition

20
Q

4 types of results from Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test

A
  • susceptible
  • resistant
  • intermediate
  • moderately susceptible
21
Q

Result in the KB disk diffusion test. The antibiotic appears to be effective against the bacteria because growth is inhibited.

A

Susceptible

22
Q

Result in KB disk diffusion test. The antibiotic appears to be ineffective against the bacteria tested because growth is not inhibited.

A

Resistant

23
Q

The lowest concentration of antibiotic that inhibits in vitro bacterial growth

A

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

24
Q

Relationship of the diameter of the zone of inhibition to the logarithm of the MIC of the antibiotic

A

Inverse linear relationship

25
Q

Peptone source of Mueller-Hinton Agar

A

Casein hydrolysate

26
Q

Component of MHA that neutralizes fatty acids

A

Cornstarch

27
Q

Effect of increased concentration of calcium and magnesium ions on aminoglycosides

A

Decreased activity of aminoglycosides against P. aeruginosa

28
Q

Effect of increased concentration of calcium and magnesium ion on tetracycline

A

Decreased activity of tetracycline against all bacteria

29
Q

Effect of increased pH on tetracycline activity

A

Decreased tetracycline activity (false resistance)

30
Q

Effect of decreased ph on tetracycline activity

A

Increased tetracycline activity (false susceptibility)

31
Q

Ideal pH of the MHA

A

pH 7.2-7.4

32
Q

Effect of thicker agar depth on zone of inhibition

A

Smaller zones (false resistance)

33
Q

Effect of thinner agar depth on zone of inhibition

A

Larger zones (false susceptible)

34
Q

Ideal agar depth of MHA

A

4 mm

35
Q

Standard where the density of the inoculum is adjusted to

A

0.5 McFarland Standard

36
Q

3 components of the McFarland Standard

A
  • barium
  • chloride
  • sulfuric acid
37
Q

Effect of inoculum that is too light

A

False susceptible

38
Q

Effect of inoculum that is too heavy

A

False resistant

39
Q

How many antibiotic disks are placed on the agar plate?

A

12 different disks (8 disks forming an outer ring and 4 disks in the center)

40
Q

Temperature at which antibiotic disks are stored for long periods of time

A

-14 degress Celcius

41
Q

Temperature for working supply of antibiotic disks

A

2-8 degress Celcius

42
Q

Incubation period for the KB disk diffusion test

A

35 degree Celsius for 16-18 hours in ambient air

Bacteriology (7 decks)

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