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Bacteriology > Ch. 15 - Streptococcus > Flashcards

Ch. 15 - Streptococcus Flashcards

0
Q

Catalase reaction of Streptococcus

A

Catalase negative

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1
Q

Gram reaction of Streptococcus

A

Gram positive

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2
Q

Test that differentiates Streptococcus and Enterococcus from Staphylococcus

A

Catalase Test

Streptococcus and Enterococcus are Catalase negative

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3
Q

Description of colonies of Streptococcus

A

Pinpoint colonies (small & transparent)

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4
Q

Type of hemolysis where there is partial lysis and greenish coloration

A

Alpha hemolysis

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5
Q

Type of hemolysis where there is complete lysis; there is a clear area

A

Beta hemolysis

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6
Q

Type of hemolysis where there is no lysis; there is no change in the agar

A

Nonhemolytic/gamma hemolysis

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7
Q

Type of hemolysis where there is a small area of intact RBCs; there is wider zone of complete hemolysis

A

Alpha-prime

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8
Q

Lancefield group of Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Lancefield Group A

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9
Q

Virulence factor of S. pyogenes; attached to the peptidoglycan of the cell wall; part of antigenic structure of S. pyogenes

A

M protein

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10
Q

Substance in S. pyogenes that makes it resistant to phagocytosis; it is used for adherence of the bacterial cell to mucosal cells

A

M protein

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11
Q

2 virulence factors of S. pyogenes that mediate adherence to host epithelial cells

A
  • Lipoteichoic acid

- Protein F

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12
Q

Virulence factor of S. pyogenes that prevents opsonized phagocytosis; masks its antigens to remain unrecognized

A

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule

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13
Q

Virulence factor of S. pyogenes that is antigenic

A

Deoxyribonucleases (A, B, C, and D)

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14
Q

2 hemolysins produced by S. pyogenes; virulence factors

A
  • Streptolysin O

- Streptolysin S

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15
Q

Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is oxygen-labile

A

Streptolysin O

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16
Q

Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is highly immunogenic/antigenic

A

Streptolysin O

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17
Q

Antibody that is tested for recent infection of S. pyogenes

A

Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) antigen

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18
Q

3 cells lysed by the hemolysins of S. pyogenes

A
  • erythrocytes
  • leukocytes
  • platelets
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19
Q

Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is oxygen stable

A

Streptolysin S

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20
Q

Hemolysin of S. pyogenes that is non-immunogenic/non-antigenic

A

Streptolysin S

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21
Q

3 enzymes that are S. pyogenes virulence factors

A
  • Streptokinase
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Streptodornase
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22
Q

Enzyme by S. pyogenes that lyses fibrin clots

A

Streptokinase

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23
Q

Enzyme by S. pyogenes that is a spreading factor; contributes to its invasiveness

A

Hyaluronidase

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24
Q

Enzyme by S. pyogenes that dissolves purulent or fibrinous secretions

A

Streptodornase

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25
Q

Toxin produced by S. pyogenes

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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26
Q

Disease caused by erythrogenic toxin

A

Scarlet fever (red spreading rash)

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27
Q

3 superantigens of erythrogenic toxin

A
  • SpeA
  • SpeB
  • SpeC
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28
Q

Produced by erythrogenic toxins that are highly mitogenic proteins; they stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation which induces production of IL-1, tumor necrotizing factor and other cytokines

A

Superantigens (SpeA, SpeB, and SpeC)

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29
Q

Infection by S. pyogenes; “Strep throat”; characterized by sore throat, malaise, fever, and headache

A

Bacterial pharyngitis amd tonsilitis

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30
Q

2 methods for diagnosis of S. pyogenes bacterial pharyngitis and tonsilitis

A
  • Throat culture

- Direct Antigen Detection

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31
Q

2 MOTs of S. pyogenes in bacterial pharyngitis and tonsilitis

A
  • droplet

- close contact

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32
Q

Pyodermal infection by S. pyogenes associated with young children (2-5 yrs old); affects exposed areas of skin; inoculation through minor abrasions or insect bites

A

Impetigo

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33
Q

Pyodermal infection by S. pyogenes in elderly patients; acute spreading skin lesion; erythematous with plain demarcation but irregular edge

A

Erysipelas

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34
Q

Pyodermal infection by S. pyogenes with deeper invasion; may be life threatening; with bacteremia or sepsis; patients with peripheral vascular disease or diabetes may have gangrene

A

Cellulitis

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35
Q

2 tests for diagnosis of Scarlet fever

A
  • Dick’s test

- Schultz-Charlton Reaction

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36
Q

Susceptibility test for scarlet fever; erythrogenic toxin is injected; positive when there is redness or swelling

A

Dick’s test

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37
Q

Diagnostic test for scarlet fever; used to differentiate scarlet fever from measles; antierythrogenic toxin is injected; rash will blanch then fade

A

Schultz-Charlton Reaction

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38
Q

Substance that is injected in Dick’s Test

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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39
Q

Substance that is injected in Schultz-Charlton Reaction

A

Antierythrogenic toxin

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40
Q

“Flesh-eating” disease by S. pyogenes; rapidly progressing inflammation of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia; life threatening; occurs when one has suffered trauma to the skin (portal of entry)

A

Necrotizing fasciitis

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41
Q

Disease by S. pyogenes that causes an entire organ to shut down leading to death

A

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

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42
Q

2 conditions under Post-Streptococcal Sequelae caused by S. pyogenes

A
  • Rheumatic fever

- Acute glomerulonephritis

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43
Q

Post-streptococcal sequelae characterized by fever and inflammation of the heart, joints, blood vessels and subcutaneous tissue; associated with Class I M protein

A

Rheumatic fever

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44
Q

Post-Streptococcal Sequelae characterized by damage to the glomeruli and impairment of kidney function; associated with Class I & II M protein

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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45
Q

2 drugs for the treatment of post-streptococcal sequelae

A
  • Penicillin

- Erythromycin (for patients allergic to penicillin)

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46
Q

M protein associated with Rheumatic fever

A

Class I M protein

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47
Q

M protein associated with acute glomerulonephritis

A

Class I & II M protein

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48
Q

Specimen for S. pyogenes laboratory diagnosis

A

Swab over the posterior pharynx

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49
Q

Plate used for isolation of S. pyogenes

A

SBA plate containing SXT

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50
Q

Antibiotic in SBA plates

A

Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SXT)

51
Q

2 key tests in laboratory diagnosis of S. pyogenes infections

A
  • Bacitracin susceptibility

- PYR hydrolysis

52
Q

Lancefueld group of Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Lancefield group B

53
Q

Test used to detect capsular polysaccharide serotypes of S. agalactiae

A

Precipitin test

54
Q

2 virulence factors of S. agalactiae

A
  • capsule

- sialic acid

55
Q

Virulence factor of S. agalactiae that prevents phagocytosis; ineffective after opsonisation

A

Capsule

56
Q

Virulence factor of S. agalactiae which is a critical virulence determinant; most significant component of the capsule

A

Sialic acid

57
Q

Streptococcus spp. that causes neonatal sepsis

A

S. agalactiae

58
Q

Disease caused by S. agalactiae

A

Neonatal sepsis

59
Q

2 type of neonatal sepsis

A
  • early-onset infection (less than 7 days old)

- late-onset infection (at least 7 days old)

60
Q

Type of neonatal sepsis; vertical transmission from the mother; pneumonia/meningitis with bacteremia; presence of group B streptococci in the vagina of the mother

A

Early-onset infection

61
Q

Type of neonatal sepsis; meningitis; uncommonly associated with obstetric complications

A

Late-onset infection

62
Q

Treatment for S. agalactiae infections

A

Ampicillin + aminoglycoside

63
Q

Colony description of S. pyogenes

A

Small, transparent and smooth with a well-defined area of ß-hemolysis

64
Q

Plate used for the growth of S. agalactiae

A

SBA

65
Q

Colony description of S. agalactiae

A

Grayish-white, mucoid, surrounded by a small zone of ß-hemolysis

66
Q

2 useful tests for laboratory diagnosis of S. agalactiae

A
  • Hippurate hydrolysis

- CAMP test

67
Q

Streptococcus spp. that has C substance

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

68
Q

Virulence factor of S. pneumoaniae

A

Cbpsular polysaccharide

69
Q

Type of pneumonia caused by alcoholism, anesthesia, malnutrition and viral infections

A

Lobar pneumonia

70
Q

2 vaccinations for S. pneumoniae infections

A
  • PCV7 (children)

- PS23 (adults)

71
Q

2 drugs for the treatment of S. pneumoniae infections

A
  • erythromycin

- chloramphenicol

72
Q

Colony description of S. pneumoniae young cultures

A

Round, glistening, wet, mucoid, dome-shaped appearance

73
Q

Colony description of S. pneumoniae old cultures

A

Collapse of colony’s center; appearance of a coin with a raised rim

74
Q

2 tests used to differentiate S. pneumoniae from Viridans streptococci

A
  • optochin susceptibility

- bile solubility

75
Q

Hemolytic pattern of Viridans streptococci

A

Alpha hemolytic

76
Q

5 groups under Viridans Streptococci

A
  • S. bovis
  • S. anginosus
  • S. mitis
  • S. mutans
  • S. salivarius
77
Q

2 divisions of the Group D streptococci (Bile esculin positive)

A
  • Enterococcal

- Nonenterococcal

78
Q

Group D streptococci division found in the intestinal tract; has the ability to grow in 6.5% NaCl

A

Enterococcal

79
Q

Group D streptococci division that will not grow in a nutrient broth with 6.5% NaCl

A

Nonenterococcal

80
Q

2 infections caused by S. mutans

A
  • gingivitis

- dental carries

81
Q

Disease caused by S. mitis

A

Bacterial endocarditis in native valves

82
Q

Viridans streptococci associated with gingivitis and dental carries

A

S. mutans

83
Q

Viridans streptococci associated with bacterimic patients with the tendency to form abscesses

A

S. anginosus

84
Q

Viridans streptococci associated with bacterial endocarditis in native valves

A

S. mitis

85
Q

Viridans streptococci associated with blood cultures of patients wi bacteremia, septicemia and endocarditis

A

S. bovis

86
Q

Viridans streptococci associated with abscesses bactermia

A

S. constellatus

87
Q

4 virulence factors for Viridans streptococci

A
  • polysaccharide capsule
  • cytolysin
  • extracellular dextran
  • cell surface-associated proteins
88
Q

PYR reaction of Viridans streptococci

A

PYR negative

89
Q

LAP reaction of Viridans streptococci

A

LAP positive

90
Q

Colony description of Viridans streptococci

A

Small, surrounded by a zone of alpha hemolysis; some are beta or nonhemolytic

91
Q

Viridans streptococci spp. with sweet odor of honeysuckle or butterscotch when growing in pure culture or high concentation

A

S. anginosus

92
Q

4 classifications of Streptococci based on physiologic characteristics

A
  • pyogenic
  • viridans
  • lactic acid
  • enterococci
93
Q

Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; pus producing, ß hemolytic, Lancefield grouping

A

Pyogenic

94
Q

Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; alpha or nonhemolytic, opportunistic pathogens, not part of Lancefield grouping, normal flora in the upper respiratory tract

A

Viridans

95
Q

Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; nonhemolytic, in dairy products, Lancefield group N

A

Lactic Acid

96
Q

Physiologic characteristic of Streptococci; flora of the intestine, resistant to Vancomycin

A

Enterococci

97
Q

Classification of Streptococci based on extraction of C-carbohydrate

A

Lancefield Classification Scheme

98
Q

Test used to identify Group A Streptococci in throat cultures

A

Bacitracin Susceptibility (susceptible)

99
Q

Streptococci group that is susceptible to Bacitracin and resistant to SXT

A

Group A Streptococci

100
Q

Streptococci group that is resistant to Bacitracin and SXT

A

Group B streptococci

101
Q

Test used to identify Group B streptococci

A

CAMP test (Christie, Atkins, and Munch-Petersen)

102
Q

Used to differentiate Group B and ß-hemolytic streptococci

A

Hippurate Hydrolysis

103
Q

Organism which is positive in Hippurate Hydrolysis

A

Group B: S. agalactiae (purple color)

104
Q

Test used to differentiate Enterococcus from non-enterococcus

A

PYR Test

105
Q

Organism that is positive for PYR test

A

Enterococcus

106
Q

Tgst used to differentiate Aerococcus and Leuconostoc from other gram positive cocci

A

Leucine Aminopeptidase Test (LAP)

107
Q

2 organisms that are LAP negative

A
  • Aerococcus

- Leuconostoc

108
Q

Test that detects acetoin production from glucose

A

Voges-Poskauer Test

109
Q

Organism that is bile soluble

A

S. pneumoniae

110
Q

2 strep-like organisms; grows as satellite colonies around other bacteria; has cysteine or pyridoxal (Vit B6); requires thiol- or pyridoxal for growth; nutritionally-variant strep

A

S. adjacens

S. defectivus

111
Q

2 strep-like organisms; causes endocarditis, bacteremia, and otitis media

A
  • S. adjacens

- S. defectivus

112
Q

Bile esculin reaction of S. adjacens and S. defectivus

A

Bile esculin negative

113
Q

PYR reaction of S. adjacens and S. defectivus

A

PYR positive

114
Q

Strep-like organism; airborne; occurs as tetrads in broth media; grows in the presence of 6.5% NaCl; alpha hemolytic; LAP negative

A

Aerococcus

115
Q

Aerococcus spp. that is bile esculin and PYR positive

A

A. viridians

116
Q

Aerococcus spp. that is bile esculin and PYR negative

A

A. urinae

117
Q

Strep-like organism that is similar to Viridans strep in colony morphology and habitat; involved with endocarditis, wounds and abscesses

A

Gemella

118
Q

Strep-like organism found on plant surfaces, vegetables and milk products; grows in 6.5% NaCl; hydrolyzes esculin; associated with meningitis, bacteremia, UTI and pulmonary infection; PYR and LAP negative

A

Leuconostoc

119
Q

Strep-like organism; in tetrads; bile esculin and LAP positive; PYR negative; grows at 42 degrees Celsius

A

Pediococcus

120
Q

Organisms that are PYR negative

A

Group D (E. faecalis, E. faecium, S. bovis)

121
Q

Organisms that are Bile esculin negative

A
  • Nonhemolytic streptococcus
  • ß-hemolytic strep (not Group A, B or D)
  • Viridans strep
122
Q

Lancefield group of Enterococcus

A

Lancefield group D

123
Q

Quorum-sensing mechanism of Enterococcus

A

Cytolysin

124
Q

2 culture media for Enterococcus

A
  • Trypticase soy
  • Brain-heart infusion agar

Supplemented by 5% sheep blood

125
Q

Enterococcus sp. that grows in thesence of tellurite

A

Enterococcus faecalis

Bacteriology (7 decks)

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