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7th History > Ch 20 > Flashcards

Ch 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Thomas Aquinas do and how did the Roman church support his work?

A

He combined Aristotle’s ideas with Roman Catholic teachings. The Roman church gave his work official approval and forbade anyone to disagree with it.

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2
Q

Why were Aristotle’s ideas about physics wrong? Did his physics help man to subdue the earth?

A

Aristotle like other Greeks, attributed characteristics to the physical universe that only God possesses. Aristotle believed matter has always existed.
He produced nothing to help man fulfill God’s command to subdue the earth.

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3
Q

How did Francis Bacon explain the connection between the Protestant Reformation and modern science?

A

He said that at the same time as the church was being held accountable for not holding to the truth, the Reformation was exposing that and he was encouraging people to find the truth on their own, other bodies of knowledge should be discovered by regular people also like science.

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4
Q

Describe Copernicus’s view of the universe. How did it different from the excepted do you have his day?

A

He said the universe revolves around the sun this was in contrast to what everyone believed that the universe revolves around the earth Heliocentric versus geocentric

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5
Q

What laws did Kepler Discover?

A

The laws of planetary motion.

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6
Q

What convinced Galileo that Copernicus and Kepler were right? What laws did Galileo develop?

A

He viewed the sky through a telescope he built in 1610. His eyes and the reason told him that Aristotle had been wrong and that Copernicus and Kepler work correct.

Law of uniform acceleration
Laws of the pendulum

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7
Q

What is the language of science question

A

Mathematics

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8
Q

When was the name scientist coined and what we’re scientists called before that time?

A

1840

Philosophers

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9
Q

Who contributed more to scientific progress than any other individual and what famous lie did he discover?

A

Isaac Newton

The law of universal gravitation

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10
Q

During the 17th century what group of people took the greatest interest in the work of the scientist?

A

The Puritans

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11
Q

What was the first permanent scientific Society in the modern age? When was it founded and where?

A

The Royal Society for the improvement of natural knowledge

It was formed in 1662 in London England under John Wilkins

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12
Q

For what is Albert Einstein especially remembered?

A

Stating the theories of relativity

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13
Q

Who is known as the father of anatomy and what did William Harvey describe?

A

Andreas Vesalius

William Harvey described the circulation of the blood in the human body.

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14
Q

Identify these things

A 
Superstitions 
astrology 
scholasticism 
Aristotle 
physics Tycho Brahe 
Principia 
John Wilkins 
philosophical college 
French Academy of science 
Huguenots 
Jansenists 
Blaise Pascal
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15
Q

How did nature worship keep ancient people from developing science?

A

The belief in astrology, the confused idea that the stars, rather than the creator of the stars, will the destiny’s of men, confused men and they did not understand that the stars are controlled by natural forces and rationalize of nature established by God.
They were shipped nature itself as a God

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16
Q

What kind of student was Charles Darwin and in what subject was he notably deficient?

A

He was not a very good student. He was notably deficient in mathematics.

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17
Q

Describe the principle of uniformity. What opposite principal did the founders of modern science believe?

A

The present explains the past and you cannot know about the past without interpreting the present based on observations.

Modern scientists founders believed that the past meaning the Bible was the key meaning for the future

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18
Q

What did Darwin stay in Descent of Man?

A

“Man is descended from a hairy tailed quadruped probably arbor real and it’s habits and and inhabitants of the old world.”

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19
Q

Why did many people begin to except Darwins ideas question

A

He was a “scientist”. People did not want the Bible telling them how to live.

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20
Q

How does evolution threaten the quality of science?

A

Evolution is an attempt to separate science from its Christian heritage.

Scientists changed their course from mastering nature for the benefit of mankind to trying to prove Darwin’s ideas which really could not be proven

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21
Q

What is a scientists most important guidebook?

A

The Bible

22
Q

Identify these things

A

HMS Beagle
Charles Layell
The Origin of Species
survival of the fittest

23
Q

What set the stage for the industrial revolution? What years are called the age of industry?

A

The rise of modern science and the 16th and 17th centuries and the revival of biblical Christianity in England America and some European countries in the 18th century.

1760 to 1900 the industrial revolution

24
Q

What is subsistence farming? What is the most critical material factor in determining how far a nation may advance?

A

Growing just enough food to feed their own families

Mastery of the food supply

25
Q

List some of the inventions that increased agricultural production

A

Jethro Tull’s seed drill 1701

Mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick and 1831

Steel plow by John Deere in 1837

Thresher

The combine that combined the reaper and thresher by 1900

26
Q

Why did England take the lead in the industrial revolution in the 18th century?

A

England had an excellent system of rivers and harbors for transportation and water power, harbors ample supplies of coal and iron, the world’s largest non-fire being labor supply, a government rewarding private initiative and protected private property, capital for investment and the worlds largest navy and merchant Marine. It was populated by people inspired by the Protestant work ethic to work and improve itself.

27
Q

Compare the domestic system of manufacturing with the factory system

A

The domestic system was people working in small private shops, usually within a Craftsmans home. Often entire families would manufacture products together. It was very hard work and took a lot of time.

People were hired to come together and produce manufactured goods in a systematic way for wages in a larger facility.

28
Q

How did industrialism affect the size of cities?

A

Cities grew rapidly and they grew large. The population exploded

29
Q

What happens in countries that grow in size and do not industrialize?

A

There are more people to feed and clothe without the resources needed to provide for all of them so people end up living in horrible conditions not faring much better than the cattle.

30
Q

Identify these things

A 
Industrial revolution 
technology 
Protestant work ethic 
Jethro Tull John Deere 
Cyrus McCormick 
real wages
31
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A

England’s textile factories

32
Q 
Name the inventor of each of the following inventions: 
flying shuttle 
spinning Jenny 
water frame 
spinning mule 
power loom
A 
Flying shuttle – John Kay-1738
Spinning Jenny - James Hargreaves- 1764
Water frame –Richard Aekwright-1769
Spinning mule - Samuel Crompton-1779
Power loom- Edmund Cartwright - 1785
33
Q

What device did Eli Whitney invented in what crop did it make king in the southern states

A

The cotton gin; cotton

34
Q

What is the Bessemer process and what two men developed it?

A

It is s process for converting iron to steel using currents of air

Henry Bessemer and William Kelly

35
Q

Name two famous canals that were dug in the 19th century

A

Eerie and Suez

36
Q

Who invented the first practical steamship? What was it called?

A

Robert Fulton; the Clermont

37
Q

Who opened the worlds first public steam powered rail road and when?

A

George Stephenson -Englishmsn-1825

38
Q

How did Gottlieb Diamler and Rudolf diesel improved transportation?

A

Gottlieb Diamler invented the internal combustion engine 1886
Rudolf diesel invented the diesel engine

39
Q

Who perfected the electric telegraph? Who laid the first successful trans-Atlantic telegraph cable?

A

Samuel Morse

Cyrus Field

40
Q

Who has been called the greatest inventor in history? Name five of his inventions.

A 
Thomas Alva Edison
Phonograph 
motion picture projector 
mimeograph machine 
improved telephone system 
incandescent electric light bulb
41
Q

When did the Wright brothers make their first successful flight and where?

A

December 17, 1903 in Kitty Hawk North Carolina

42
Q

Who made the automobile affordable for most Americans?

A

Henry Ford

43
Q

Who is the leader in the oil industry? Who is the leader in the steel industry? Describe the philanthropic endeavors of these men.

A

John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie

Rockefeller gave money to start at the university of Chicago in 1891. He helped fund the restoration of Williamsburg Virginia to its 18th century appearance. He contributed $3 billion in contributions. Andrew Carnegie funded the Carnegie Institute of technology and the Carnegie Institute of Washington. He helped fund Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. He helped finance foundations of public libraries in the United States and England.

44
Q

Identify these things

A 
Enclosure movement 
James Watt 
Sir Humphrey Davy 
clipper ships 
transcontinental railroad 
Penny Postage System 
Alexander Graham Bell 
Model T 
philanthropy 
The Gospel of Wealth
45
Q

List five major causes of industrialism in the 19th century.

A 
Spiritual revival
The rise of modern science
Advances in agriculture
Technological developments
Rise of international trade
46
Q

What philosophy did Adam Smith advocate in wealth of Nations? What did he call for an international scale?

A

Individual freedom in economics leads to the greatest good not only for the individual but for society as a whole.

Free trade

47
Q

What country has enjoyed the greatest blessings of capitalism?

A

America

48
Q 
For what industry is each of the following cities noted 
Pittsburgh
Minneapolis 
St. Paul 
Chicago 
Cincinnati?
A 
Pittsburgh – steel
Minneapolis – flour mills
Saint Paul – flour mills
Chicago – meatpacking centers
Cincinnati - meatpacking centers
49
Q

When did modern big business begin?

A

19th century around 1889. Between 1865-1900.

50
Q

Identify these things

A

Mercantile system
Free-trade
Laissez-faire
GNP

7th History (13 decks)

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