Ch 1-16 Review Flashcards
1
Q
Eve
A
The first woman her name means “mother of all”
2
Q
Cain
A
The first murderer; God doomed him to live as a wanderer because of his sin
3
Q
Lemech
A
A descendent of Cain; he bragged about the murders he had committed
4
Q
Seth
A
A son of Adam and Eve who’s descendants were at least aware of their sins
5
Q
Noah
A
The man who obeyed God, built the ark, and with his family escaped God’s judgment of the world
6
Q
Sham, Ham, and Japheth
A
Noah’s three sons who repopulated the world after the flood
7
Q
Nimrod
A
A mighty hunter who encouraged the people to build the Tower of Babel. Descendant of Ham
8
Q
Shinar
A
The plain where no was family and his descendants settled
9
Q
Babel
A
The city in Shinar where the Tower of Babel was built
10
Q
The first human sin
A
Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s command; perfect equality ended, man was removed from the garden, all men would now sin and die
11
Q
The Flood
A
God’s punishment for the height of evil man had reached; destroyed the whole earth except Noah and his family
12
Q
The Tower of Babel
A
God confused man’s language causing men to disperse
13
Q
Genesis
A
The the first book of the Bible; means “beginning”
14
Q
Evolution
A
The idea that man was not created directly by God but instead “evolved” from the animals
15
Q
Humanism
A
Putting man in place of or above God
16
Q
Culture
A
The way of life of a group of people
17
Q
Capital punishment
A
The death penalty
18
Q
Nation
A
A group of people who think of themselves as one and act in history as a unit
19
Q
Explain how man, being created in God’s image, isspecial to God
A
Only man was created in God’s image.
Special characteristics include: language and thought,
awareness of right and wrong,
and freedom to make choices.
20
Q
How is evolution a form of humanism?
A
Evolution downplays man’s special characteristics
21
Q
Why do you suppose God confused man’s language and dispersed mankind across the face of the earth?
A
Mankind disobeyed God, did not multiply and fill the earth, and remained in Sumer. They began to build a civilization in rebellion against God. God confused men’s language to restrain soon and slow the growth of human power.
22
Q
Abraham
A
The father of the nation of Israel
23
Q
Sargon
A
The Akkadian king who conquered the Sumerians
24
Q
Sumerians
A
The descendants of those who stayed in the general vicinity of the Tower of Babel after the dispersion, and whose greatest accomplishment was writing
25
Hammurabi
The king of Babylon who united all of Mesopotamia under his rule
26
Patriarchs
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
27
Joseph
Jacob's son who was sold into slavery by his brothers
28
Middle East
A part of the world where the continent of Africa, Asia, and Europe meet
29
Ur
One of the most important cities of the land of Sumer; the city where God called Abraham to leave
30
Fertile Crescent
An area in the Middle East known for its ability to grow crops and its shape like a crescent moon
31
Tigris river
The Tigris river is one of the two great rivers in the Fertile Crescent. Tigress means "arrow"
32
Euphrates river
The Euphrates river is one of the two great rivers in the Fertile Crescent. Euphrates means "that makes fruitful"
33
Mesopotamia
The land between and immediately around the Tigris and Euphrates. Mesopotamia means "land between the rivers"
34
Canaan
The center of the ancient world
35
Megiddo
The valley also called Armageddon that will be the last battle ground of world history
36
Cuneiform
Wedge shaped writing
37
Polytheis
One who worshiped many gods
38
Monotheist
One who worships only one God/god
39
Humanist
One who makes men into gods
40
Anu
The god of the sky
41
Ziggurat
A tower built in tiers or stages, each stage smaller than the one beneath, all atop a large amount of clay or debris
42
Nanny
The moon god that supposedly owned the city of Ur
43
Empire
The rule by one city or people over other cities or people's
44
Bureaucracy
A group of people appointed by a ruler to help him govern
45
Shamash
The sun God who supposedly gave Hammurabi authority to make his code of laws
46
Laws
Rules people follow in living together
47
Promulgation
Making the laws known
48
Equality under the law
All people who commit the same crime should be punished in the same way
49
Marduk
The chief god of Babylon who became the king of all gods
50
Nation state
A nation or people living in its own land with its own government
51
Baal
The chief god of the Canaanites
52
Dispersion
The scattering of people over the earth
53
Israel's conquest of Canaan
Canaan, the center of the ancient world, has had a central and strategic position in the world; Israel became a nation – state.
54
Why is the call of Abraham considered an important event in human history?
It marks the beginning of God's plan for the salvation of mankind. God chose Abraham to father a great nation Israel, out of whom Jesus Christ, the savior of mankind, would come.
55
Explain the division of history between years B.C. And A.D.
B.C. means "before Christ" and A.D. is the abbreviation for the Latin phrase anno Domini, "in the year of our Lord." The first coming of Jesus Christ was so important that it became the main dividing point of history.
56
Mix rain
Ham's son who settled in Egypt
57
Herodotus
The Greek historian who wrote the descriptions of the wonders of ancient Egypt
58
Joseph
The vizier who prepare to Egypt for a seven year famine
59
Moses
The man God used to deliver Israel from slavery
60
Jean Francis Champollion
The scholar who deciphered the Rosetta Stone and unlocked the secrets of hieroglyphics
61
Menes
The pharaoh who united the two kingdoms of Egypt
62
Hatshepsut
A female pharaoh
63
Ramses II
The pharaoh who had many giant statues of himself
64
Thutmose III
The pharaoh when Egyptian empire reached its greatest extent
65
Pyramids
Huge tombs built for some pharaohs
66
Sphinx
Mysterious Statues with the head of a man, ram,or hawk and the body of a lion
67
Hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing
68
Rosetta Stone
Stone used by Jean Francis Champollion to decipher hieroglyphics
69
Archaeology
The study of the relics and ruins of ancient cultures
70
Nile river
The longest river in the world
71
Papyrus
A plant used by the Egyptians to make boats, baskets, boxes, mats, sandals, furniture, and paper
72
Cataracts
Rapids
73
Pharaohs
Egyptian god – Kings
74
Mummification
The Egyptian process of preserving dead bodies
75
Dynasties
Families within which the right to be king is passed from one member to the next
76
Old, Middle, New Kingdoms of Egypt
The division of ancient Egypt's history
77
Mastabas
Early tombs with flat tops and sloped sides
78
Step pyramid
May have been the first structure in world history made entirely of stone
79
Great pyramid
The first and largest pyramid
80
The great sphinx
A gigantic statue carved in limestone which has a lion's head and a human face in the likeness of a pharaoh
81
Tribute
A payment from one nation to another
82
Vizier
The Pharaohs chief assistant
83
Scribes
Those who kept written records for the Pharaoh and other government officials
84
Adam
The very first man his name means "man"
85
Amalekites
The powerful group of people that were defeated because God's power flowed through Moses' staff
86
Moses
Leader who received the 10 Commandments at Mount Sinai
87
Joshua
The reader after Moses'death
88
Samuel
The wise leader who warned Israel against the dangers of having an earthly king
89
Saul
First earthly king of Israel
90
David
The king who lead Israel to the peak of its greatness as a nation – state
91
Solomon
The king who asked God for wisdom
92
Assyrians
The people to whom the northern kingdom and the Hittites fell the 700s B.C.
93
Chaldeans
The people to whom the southern kingdom fell in the 500s B.C.
94
Phoenicians
Prosperous see traders who is established a great network of trading posts
95
Hittites
A group of people who controlled an empire in Asia minor and who use their resources for war and conquest
96
Mount Sinai
The place where God made a covenant with Israel and gave Moses the 10 Commandments
97
Jordan river
The river God parted to allow the Israelites to cross over into Canaan
98
Jericho
The heavily fortified city that fell at the sound of trumpets and shouts
99
Northern kingdom
Israel; fell to the assyrian empire in the 700s B.C.
100
Southern kingdom
Judah; fell to the Chaldean empire in the 500s B.C.
101
Tyre and Sidon
Two of the independent Phoenician cities
102
Carthage
A Phoenician trading post which grew into a large city
103
Asia minor
Area between the Black sea, the Mediterranean sea, and the Euphrates river
104
Hattusas
The Hittite city burned by the Assyrians
105
Covenant
A solemn agreement
106
Theocracy
Rule by God
107
Principles of morality
The basic rules of right and wrong, good and evil
108
Decalogue
The 10 Commandments
109
Judges
The leaders of Israel during its first 300 years in Canaan
110
Murex
A kind of snail used to make dye
111
Alphabet
The most important thing that the Pheonicians carried with them on their trading ventures
112
Iron
Used by the Hittites to make weapons
113
Tiglath-pileser III
The king who began in earnest the assyrian drive to a world empire
114
Shalmaneser V
The Assyrian king who deported the 10 tribes of the northern kingdom
115
Ashurbanipal
The last great Assyrian king, who collected a library of about 100,000 cuneiform tablets
116
Jonah
Jewish prophet who warned Nineveh of God's coming judgment
117
Sennacherib
The Assyrian king God defeated because of his pride and defiance
118
Nahum
The prophet who prophesied the destruction of Nineveh
119
King Nabopolasser
The king who conquered all of Mesopotamia and established the Chaldean empire
120
Nebuchadnezzar
The king who conquered the western part of the Fertile Crescent, destroyed Jerusalem, Carried the inhabitants of Judah into captivity, built the hanging gardens for his wife, had a dream which for told the course of world history, and was reduce to a mad man who ate grass
121
Daniel
The Israelite captive who interpreted Nebuchadnezzar's dream as well as the writing on the wall
122
Nabonidus
The last Chaldean king, who preferred to travel around the empire and leave the actual business of government under the supervision of his son
123
Belshazzer
The son of Nabonidus who handled the actual business oh the government and was killed by the Medes and Persians
124
Cyrus the great
The Persian king who allowed the Jews to return to Judah
125
Isaiah
The prophet who foretold that God would assist Cyrus in his conquest
126
Darius
The Persian king who made the middle east into one big marketplace
127
Nineveh
City built by Nimrod that became the Assyrian Capitol
128
Hanging gardens
The gardens built by Nebuchadnezzar for his wife
129
Royal Road
The great "highway" built by Darius
130
Javan
Japheth's son who was the ancestor of the Greeks
131
Minoans
The people who built the earliest civilization in the vicinity of Greece
132
Mycenaeans
The people who flourished on the mainland of Greece between 1600 and 1200 B.C.
133
Dorians
Invaders from the north who helped to bring about a dark age in Greece which started about 1200 B.C.
134
Homer
The blind poet who greatly influenced Greek culture and portrayed the gods as glorified human being
135
Achilles and Odysseus
Great worriers in Greek mythology
136
Cyrus the great
The Persian emperor who conquered Ionia in 546 B.C.
137
Darius I
The Persian king who crush the Ionian revolt and demanded that the mainland Greeks submit him
138
Xerxes
The king who launched a second Persian invasion of Greece
139
Leonidas
The brave leader of the Spartans at Thermopylae
140
Solon
An aristocrat who introduced democratic principles to the Athenian government
141
Pericles
The aristocrat who brought athenian democracy to its fullest measure
142
Socrates
The philosopher who insisted that Morality be a part of philosophy
143
Plato
The philosopher who wrote 30 or more works call dialogues
144
Aristotle
The philosopher who recognized order, design, order, and purpose in the universe; teacher of young Alexander the great
145
Philip II
The Macedonian king who conquered almost all of Greece before he was assassinated
146
Alexander the great
The young Greek conquer of Persia
147
Ptolemy
The general who took Egypt after Alexander's death
148
Antipater
The general who took Macedonia after Alexander's death
149
Laomedon
The general who took Syria including all of Canaan, after Alexander's death
150
Thucydides
The author of history of the Peloponnesian war
151
Olympic Games
Competitions held every four years to honor Zeus , and to encourage unity among the various city-states of Greece
152
Greco – Persian wars
Wars between Greece and Persia
153
Peloponnesian war
The war between Sparta and Athens, even Persia became involved
154
Hellenistic Age
The period of several hundred years between Alexanders conquest and the Roman empire
155
Crete
Island where the Minoans lived
156
Knossos
An impressive palace built by the Minoans
157
Troy
A city on the coast of Asia minor that was burned after a 10 year war
158
Mount Olympus
Home of the gods according to Greek mythology
159
Marathon
A place where they greatly outnumbered Athenians defeated the Persians
160
Hellespont
A straight between Europe and Asia minor where the Persians built a bridge
161
Thermopylae
The narrow mountain pass where the Spartan army was betrayed by a traitor
162
Salamis
The place where the small Greek navy defeated the Persian fleet
163
Persepolis
The chief city of the Persian homeland that was conquered by Alexander in the 330 B.C.
164
Alexandria
The name given to 16 cities built by Alexander
165
Zeus
King of all the Greek gods
166
Apollo
Greek god of the sun
167
Polis
The Greek city-state
168
Acropolis
A hilltop fortress that served as a seat of government and religion
169
Agora
The Greek marketplace
170
Monarchy
Rule by one
171
Aristocracy
Ruled by the "best"
172
Oligarchy
Ruled by a few rather than one or many; ruled by a few rich men
173
Tyranny
A bad form of one man rule
174
Democracy
Rule by the many or the common people
175
Helots
The common laborers who farmed the land for the ruling class
176
Peloponnesian League
A league formed between Sparta and other Greek cities
177
Direct democracy
A government in which the people themselves make the big decisions directly, rather than indirectly through representatives
178
Delian league
I defensive alliance formed by Athens to prevent another Persian invasion
179
Philosopher
Lover of wisdom
180
Dialogues
Plato's writings
181
Phalanx
A large group of soldiers train to charge the enemy as a group
182
Hellenic
Greek
183
Parthenon
A beautiful temple to Athena
184
776 B.C.
The First Olympic Games
185
404 B.C.
The date Athens surrendered to Sparta
186
Gauls, greeks, Etruscans, Latins
Early inhabitants of Italy
187
Romulus, Remus
The two brothers in the legend of Romes beginning
188
Plebeians
The common people of Rome
189
Patricians
Wealthier Romans
190
Pyrrhus
The Greek king who's victories over Rome cost him many men
191
Hannibal
Used elephants in his march through the Alps during the second Punic war
192
Scipio
Lead the Roman attack on Carthage during the second Punic war
193
Pompey
Elected consul in 70 B.C.; captured Jerusalem and 63 B.C.
194
Julius Caesar
Ruled the Roman empire from 49 to 44 B.C.
195
Antony
Caesars closest friend; defeated at Actium
196
Octavian
Julius Caesar's adopted son and became heir; became known as Caesar Augustus
197
Cleopatra
Last Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt; committed suicide with Anthony in 31 B.C.
198
Herod
Palestinian king at the time of Christ's birth
199
Sardinia and Sicily
Two large islands that lie near the Italian peninsula
200
Alps
The mountains which isolate Italy from the rest of Europe
201
Appennies
The mountain range with stretches from the po River valley to the tip of the peninsula
202
Tiber River
The location of the city of Rome
203
Carthage
Rome's enemy in the Punic wars
204
Rubicon river
Where caesar disobeyed and showed his determination to be the ruler of Rome
205
Palestine
The name of the promised land by the time of the Roman empire
206
Battle of Zama
Where Hannibal was defeated and Carthage's power was broken
207
Battle of actium
Where Octavian's fleet defeated Anthony's fleet
208
Pax Romana
200 years of the Roman empire remembered as a time of peace and prosperity
209
Magna Graecia
Greater Greece ; island of Sicily and southern Italy where the Greeks established many colonies
210
Forum
A common meeting place which was the heart of the city of Rome
211
Pantheon
In ancient Roman temple dedicated to the numerous gods of the empire
212
Republic
A form of government in which all citizens who were entitled to vote participate in decisions through elected officials
213
Senate
The most powerful body in the Roman Republic
214
Law of the 12 tables
Stated that Roman law be written down and displayed in the forum
215
Latin league
A defensive alliance against the Etruscans
216
Colosseum
A Roman amphitheater where the crowds gathered to watch Men fight men and beast to death
217
Julian calendar
The Calendar Julius Caesar made that had 365 1/4days per year
218
Princeps,imperator,Caesar Augustus
Octavian's titles
219
Census
A counting of the total population and value of property in each province
220
Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics
Groups of philosophers
221
Synagogues
Jewish places of worship
222
Septuagint
A Greek version of the Old Testament
223
Christ
The true king of the Jews whose coming was the greatest turning point of history
224
264-164 B.C.
Punic wars
225
March 15, 44 B.C.
Julius Caesar's death
226
Pontius Pilate
The Roman governor of the Palastine and who authorized the crucifixion of Christ
227
Gentiles
Non-Jews
228
Tiberius
Emperor who ruled during the time of Christ crucifixion, resurrection and ascension
229
Caligula
Insane emperor who was murdered by his bodyguards
230
Claudius
Emperor who expelled all Jews from Rome
231
Nero
First emperor to persecute Christians
232
Titus
The emperor when Vesuvius Erupted
233
Domitian
Flavian emperor who demanded to be worshiped as a God
234
Trajan
Emperor who spread the empire to its greatest limits; would not persecute anyone who denied being a Christian
235
Valerian
Emperor tried to harm Christianity by attacking Christian leaders
236
Diocletian
Emperor who divided the empire into two parts; began severest persecution Christianity had ever known
237
Maximian
Appointed by Diocletian to rule the western half of the Roman empire
238
Constantine
The first Christian emperor of the Roman empire
239
Eusebius
The church history writer who recorded Constantine's vision of the cross
240
Theodosius I
The emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman empire
241
Attila
The Leader of the Huns
242
Alaric
Leader of the Visigoths
243
Mt. Vesuvius
A volcano the buried the city of Pompeii
244
Pompeii
City burned by Mount Vesuvius
245
Byzantium
The site where Constantine built his new capital called Constantinople
246
Constantinople
Constantine's new Roman capital
247
Adrianople
Where the Visigoth army gave the Roman army one of its worst defeats
248
Claudian emperors
For descendants of Cesar Gustus ruled from A.D 14 to 68
249
Flavian emperors
Vespasian and his descendants who ruled from A.D. 69 to 96
250
Five good emperors
Emperors from A.D. 96 to 180 who were selected for their ability and Were specially trained
251
Edict of Milan
Encourage the policy of toleration that made being a Christian no longer crime
252
Sunna, Woden, Thor
German gods whose names were used for Sunday, Wednesday, and Thursday
253
A.D. 70
Titus captures Jerusalem and destroys the temple
254
A.D. 313
Constantine issues edict of Milan
255
A.D. 395
Theodosius divides the Roman empire
256
Gentiles
Non-Jews
257
Diotrephes
The church leader who love to have preeminence and who put himself about God's word
258
Irenaeus
The church leader in gaul who said everyone in the church must agree with the church of Rome
259
Marsilius
The man who would not blindly accept the teachings of the Roman church, but instead knew that all the leaves must be measured against the absolute truth of God's word
260
Leo I
The man who went out to meet Attila the Hun from Asia to persuade the invaders not to attack Rome
261
Gelasius
The pope who said that, it matters relating to God, leaders of the church oare supreme over all human rulers
262
Jerusalem
Where the first Christian church was located
263
Middle Ages
The period after the collapse of the Roman empire
264
Apostles
The 12 man who had first-hand knowledge of Jesus and whom God sent out to preach the gospel
265
Koine
The most common form of the Greek language; used for writing the new testament
266
Church
An assembly or body of people
267
Judaism
The religion of the Jews
268
Deacon
Comes from the Greek word for servant
269
Bishop
Comes from the Greek term meaning overseer or superintendent
270
Catholic
Means universal or one
271
Apostolic succession
The idea which maintains that men like Peter and Paul handed down there power and authority from one generation of bishops to next
272
Petrine theory
Belief Christ made peter the head of the Catholic Church and that Peter passed his powers to the first Bishop of Rome, whom he appointed
273
Roman Catholic Church
The church founded on the belief that the Bishop of the church of Rome is supreme overall churches
274
Pope
The Bishop of the church of Rome
275
Arianism
Opinion that Jesus was not God but rather had been created by God the father
276
Council of Nicaea
The council better for me to Christ to Divinity in A.D. 325
277
Nicene Creed
A statement of belief affirming Christ's divinity
278
Mass
A Roman Catholic service
279
Sacrament
A sacred act
280
Eucharist
The Lord's supper
281
Excommunication
Being cut off from communication with the human rulers of the church and, therefore, being denied the sacraments
282
Christendom
The portion of the world in which Christianity prevails
283
A.D. 500-1500
Middle Ages
284
A.D. 100
New testament complete
285
Ishmael
Abrahams first son who is the father of the Arabs
286
Mohammed
The father of Islam; The stupidest religion (in my opinion)
287
Urban II
The Pope who proclaimed the beginning of the crusades
288
Alexius Comnenus
The eastern emperor during the first Crusade
289
Saladin
The Muslim leaders who reconquer Jerusalem during the second crusade
290
Richard the lion hearted
Is Valiant leader in the third Crusade
291
Mohammed II
Leader of the Ottomans who captured Constantinople and 1453
292
Arabia
1 million square – mile peninsula that lies south east of the Fertile Crescent
293
Mecca
The birthplace of Mohammed
294
Bedouins
Arab nomads
295
Blackstone
The sacred treasure stored at kaba
296
Allah
The god of Islam
297
Hegira
Mohammed's flight from Mecca; the turning point for as islam
298
Jjhad
The Muslims name for the holy war
299
Islam
The new religion founded by Mohammed in Arabia about 600 years after Christ
300
Muslims
followers of Islam
301
Koran
Muslim holy book
302
Caliphs
Mohammed's successors
303
Crusades
Holy wars fought against Islam in the name of Christianity
304
Battle of tours
Muslims defeated, putting an end to march in Europe
305
Battle of Manzikert
The seljuk turks conquered Asia minor from the eastern Roman empire
306
Peasants' crusade
A group of 15,000 to 20,000 people, mostly farmers, embarked in a crusade that were destroyed by the Turks
307
First Crusade
The crusade, led by nobles, which Conquered a strip of land along the eastern coast about 500 miles long and averaging 40 miles wide
308
Second Crusade
French and German armies were defeated before they even reached the holy land, thus accomplishing nothing
309
Third Crusade
The crusade of the kings, accomplish little
310
Fourth Crusade
The crusade the never reach the holy land but instead attacked and robbed of the city of Constantinople
311
Children's Crusade
Several thousand German and French children marched toward the Mediterranean sea expecting God to divide the water so they could walk to the holy land. Many children died and some were sold as slaves to the north African Muslims
312
732
Battle of tours; muslims defeat
313
1054
Roman Catholic Church officially split
314
1070
Battle of Manzikert; Seljuk Turks Conquered Asia minor
315
Frank's
The freedom-loving Germanic people who settled in what is today called France and Germany
316
Clovis
The first great Frankish military and political leader who began the Merovingian line of kings
317
Charles Martel
The mayor who aligned himself with the church by supporting bishop Boniface and to also defeated the Muslims at the battle of tours
318
Bishop Boniface
The missionary who acted for pope Zacharias when crowning Pepin king
319
Pepin the Short
The mayor of the palace who sought approval from the pope to be titled king since he already did the job of the king
320
Charlemagne
The "defender of the churches of Christ" who was crowned "Charles Augustus, emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III
321
Leo III
Crowned Charlemagne and called him Charles Augustus, emperor of the Romans
322
Magyars, Moores, Norsemen
Invaders of Charlemagne's empire
323
Pontifex Maximus
Title used by the popes which means "high priest"
324
Mayors of the Palace
Government officials who did the king's duties
325
Donation of Pepin
The papal states
326
Patrician of the Romans
The title given to Pepin by the pope
327
Treaty of Verdun
The treaty that divided the Carolingian Empire into three parts
328
Feudalism
A way of life based upon the ownership and use of land
329
Fief
A piece of land owned by one man who permitted another man to use it in return for certain promises services
330
Lord
The man who owned the land
331
Vassal
The man who used to the land in exchange for services
332
Homage
Ceremony where the vassal vowed to be the Lord's man
333
Act of investiture
The act where the Lord gave the vassal an object as a symbol of the vassal's right to use the fief
334
Knight
A master of medieval warfare who wore heavy armor and fought on horseback with a variety of weapons
335
Crown land
The part of the King's land for personal use
336
Chivalry
The code of conduct for the nobility and the nights
337
Page
A boy around the age of seven who is beginning training for knighthood as a lord's household
338
Squire
A personal servant to a lord or another knight in the lord's service
339
Coat of arms
A group of emblems and figures used for identification purposes
340
Heraldry
The study of coats of arms and their designs
341
Castles
Heavily fortified dwellings of nobles
342
Most
A protective trench of water surrounding a castle
343
Turret
A tower in which watchmen surveyed the countryside, ready to warn of an approaching enemy
344
Joust
A contest between two nights who fought to unseat or unhorse each other
345
Tournament
Mock wars between two teams of Knights
346
Manor
And estate belonging to a noble
347
Serfs
The farmers of the manors who worked for the nobles and were like slaves in many ways
348
Explain how Charlemagne's empire came to an end
The leaders of the empire after Charlemagne were weak and not as powerful. The empire was divided into three parts for each of Charlemagne's three sons. The crumbling empire faced barbarian invaders. Quarrels from within and attacks from without reduced Charlemagne's western European empire to Shammos soon hundreds of kingdoms replace the ones great empire
349
Benedict
The monk who founded a monastery in Italy and set a standard of rules or orders for other monks to follow
350
Jerome
The church leader who translated the Vulgate
351
John Wycliffe
The oxford university teacher who challenged some of the central opinions of the Roman church and had the entire Bible translated into English for the first time
352
John Huss
The teacher whom the Council of Constance burned at the stake for his defense of the Bible as the true authority for Christians
353
Augustine
The philosopher who wrote The Confessions and The City of God
354
Aristotle
"The Philosopher"
355
William of Ockham
The English philosopher who used logic to discredit the doctrine of the pope's absolute supremacy
356
Thomas Aquinas
The philosopher who combined the philosophy of Aristotle with Romanism so successfully that the church forbade anyone to disagree with him
357
Dante
The author of Divine Comedy
358
Chaucer
The author of The Canterbury Tales
359
Henry the Fowler
The powerful Dooku began the Saxon line of kings in Germany
360
Otto the Great
Crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by the pope at the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire
361
Pope Nicholas II
The pope who declared that popes would be chosen only by Cardinals
362
Giovanni de Medici
Hey wealthy businessman his family excelled in business and dominated the political scene in Florence
363
Leonardo da Vinci
A master painter, sculptor, inventor, and engineer who painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
364
Raphael
A famous painter who painted Sistine Madonna and the School of Athens
365
Michelangelo
Possibly the greatest artist of the Renaissance who was hired to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
366
Machiavelli
Writer of The Prince, the only book of lasting importance produced by the Italian Renaissance
367
962
The Holy Roman Empire begins under Otto the Great
368
Monasticism
Withdrawing from society and living in solitude
369
Monks, nuns, hermits, friars
Men who practiced monasticism; monks who preached and did missionary work outside the monasteries
370
Eucharist
The Lord's supper
371
Transubstantiation
The belief that the elements of the Lord's supper actually change from bread and wine to Christ's blood and His body
372
Saints
Deceased persons officially recognized by the church as holy
373
Indulgences
Certificates from the pope that excused a person from doing penance and shortened the required stay in purgatory
374
Penance
The sacrament of punishments in this life for repentant sinners
375
Purgatory
The place where repentant sinners had to stay after death until they had been properly punished or there soon and could enter heaven
376
Vulgate
Jerome's Latin translation of the Scripture
377
Breviary
A book with the official order of worship in church services
378
Lollards
Followers of John Wycliffe
379
Hussites
Followers of John Huss
380
Heretics
Baptized members of the Roman church who disagreed with any official church opinion
381
Scholasticism
And approach to learning which tried to combine Greek philosophy and Romanism
382
Dukes
Powerful nobles who ruled a small territories in Germany
383
Cardinals
Priests of the churches in Rome or bishops of churches close to Rome
384
Humanities
Subjects such as history, grammar, rhetoric, and poetry
385
Renaissance man
One who displays his talents in all fields
386
Patrons
People who use their own money to support the arts
387
Council of Toulouse
The council that forbade anyone except a church leader to possess a copy of the Bible
388
Council of Constance
They canceled it condemned Wycliffe and Huss
389
Inquisition
A special church court with power to inquire about and judge matters of heresy
390
Black death
A form of the Bonnick plague that killed from 1/3 to 1/2 the population of Europe
391
Renaissance
The period of the rebirth of learning in Europe
392
How were the Middle Ages "dark ages" for Western Europe?
The Middle Ages were "Dark Ages" for several reasons. Though there were some invention and learning, it was, for the most part, and age characterized by economic stagnation, poverty and decline in learning. Most importantly, the gospel was suppressed by the Roman church, and without the light of the gospel, the hearts and minds of men became darkened.
393
Explain Voltair's statement of the Holy Roman Empire, "neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire."
The Holy Roman Empire was nothing compared to the Roman empire of old. It was not "holy" because what had started as cooperation between pope and emperor had become bitter opposition. Each needed the other, but Pope and emperor inevitably envied one another's power and quarreled. It was not "Roman" because the emperor had always been German, and after Frederick II, few even interfered in Italy. It was not an "Empire" because the emperor scarcely governed his homeland, Germany.
394
Explain how the crusades brought changes to Europe that indirectly help to bring about the Renaissance.
The crusades revived trade with the Orient. Trade increased, and the wealth acquired from trade gave men, especially in the Reds trading cities of Italy, leisure time to pursue interests such as the arts and learning.
395
John Wycliffe
The English scholar who had the entire Bible translated into English for the first time
396
John Huss
The bohemian preacher who let a movement for true Christianity in his country
397
Johan Gutenberg
Inventor of the movable type printing press who produced the first printed edition of the Bible
398
Desiderius Erasmus
The scholar of the Northern Renaissance known for his translation of the New Testament testament in the original Greek
399
Martin Luther
The reformer who translated the new testament into German, nailed his Ninety-five Theses to the Wittenberg church door, promoted popular education, and changed church services
400
Tetzel
A friar who traveled through Germany selling indulgences and he's shameful selling tactics made Luther angry
401
Pope Leo X
The pope who condemned Luthers Theses and excommunicated him
402
Frederick the wise
The prince who permitted Luther a hearing at the Diet of Augsburg
403
Charles V
The emperor who called Luther to the Diet of Worms
404
Ulrich Zwingli
That "people's priest" who began the Reformation in Zürich, Switzerland
405
John Calvin
The French reformer who wrote the institutes of the Christian religion, which was probably the single most influential book of the protestant reformation apart from the Bible
406
Petrobrusians and Waldensians
These are two of the groups that rose up during the middle ages to protest the way the established Roman church with distorting the truth. The Petrobrusians were followers of Peter of Bruis in southern France. The Waldensians were followers of Peter Waldo and where especially numerous in the Alps areas of Italy, France, and Switzerland.
407
Lollards
Followers of John Wycliffe
408
Heretic
Any baptized members of the Roman church who disagreed with any official church opinion
409
Hussites
Followers of John Huss
410
Gutenberg Bible
The first printed edition of the Bible
411
Simony
The practice of purchasing church offices
412
Ninety-five Theses
Luther's statements that were nailed to the church door in Wittenberg
413
Popular education
The education of all people rather than just a privileged few
414
University of Wittenberg
The first Protestant university
415
Anabaptists
A group whose members usually believed that only believers should be baptized and that would be baptize people who had been baptized as infants
416
1440
Gutenberg invented the movable type printing press
417
1456
Gutenberg produces the first printed edition of the Bible
418
1517
Luther post the Ninety-five Theses sparking the Protestant Reformation
419
Give one way in which the Northern Renaissance help to bring about the Protestant Reformation
The scholars of the Northern Renaissance realized that there is no book about man or any other subject more important than the Bible. With the Bible is the foundational book, scholars were able to discover it's true, which opened their minds and gave them freedom to advance in all areas of life.
420
What did Martin Luther do in 1517 that sparked the Protestant Reformation?
He nailed the Ninety-five Theses to the church door at Wittenberg. The movement was called the Protestant Reformation because the early leaders of the movement were members of the Roman Catholic Church. They saw the corruption and fallacies of the church and sought to reform it through peaceful protest – hence the name protestant reformation.
421
Ignatius Loyola
Hey Spanish soldier who began the Jesuits
422
Ferdinand II
The Holy Roman Empire who is determined to return Bohemia to Romanism by force if necessary
423
Christian IV
The king who became the champion of Lutheran Protestantism
424
Gustavus Adolphus
The great Lutheran warrior king of Sweden who won many victories for the protestant forces before he was killed in battle
425
Hapsburg family
A family prominent in European politics for almost 900 years
426
Charlemagne
The king under his rule the Frankish kingdom reached its greatest extent
427
Hugh Capet
The king whose coronation marks the birth of the French nation
428
Margrete of Denmark
That "lady king" who united the countries of Scandinavia under one empire
429
Moors
Muslims
430
Isabella and Ferdinand
The joint rulers of Castile and Aragon who drove Jews and Muslims out of Spain
431
John I
The king whose reign marked the beginning of Portugal's greatest days of glory
432
Prince Henry the navigator
And avid sailor and explorer who helped Portugal lead the way in the great age of exploration
433
Bartolommeo Dias
The Portuguese explorer who sailed all the way to the tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope
434
Vasco de Gama
The first European to reach India by sailing around Africa
435
Pedro Cabral
The Portuguese explorer who discovered Brazil
436
Twelve Articles
A list of the peasants' grievances
437
Territorial churches
Official government churches to which everyone had to belong
438
Jesuits
A religious group formed by Loyola that became the "spiritual arm" for the Counter-Reformation
439
Vikings
The inhabitants of ancient Scandinavia
440
Peasants' Revolt
From 1524 to 1525, peasants robbed and plundered in the streets daily
441
Peace of Augsburg
Gave official approval to the territorial, state –established church concept in Germany
442
Counter Reformation
Attempted to produce certain limited changes (mostly in the morals of the clergy) within the Roman church
443
Thirty Years' War
Mainly a civil war in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire over religious and political issues
444
Peace of Westphalia
Signed in 1648 and renewed the same religious situation that had existed before the war
445
Helvetia
Switzerland under the Roman empire
446
Austria
Border country of Switzerland, home of the Hapsburgs
447
Switzerland
Nation of neutrality
448
Holland
Also called the Netherlands; independent nation of the Thirty Years' War
449
Gaul
Ancient name for France
450
Hispania
Name of Spain given by the Romans
451
987
Hugh Capet crowned; birth of the French nation
452
1499
Switzerland won Independence
453
1555
Peace of Augsburg
454
1648
Peace of Westphalia
455
Julius Caesar
Concord the Celts about 50 years before the birth of Christ
456
Augustine
The first Archbishop of Canterbury
457
Alfred the great
The first great king of England
458
Canute the Dane
The Viking who ruled England, Denmark, and Norway as a great empire
459
William, Duke of Normandy
The man who became known as William the conqueror after defeating Harold Godwin at the battle of Hastings in 1066
460
Henry II
The first in the line of Plantagenet kings
461
Richard I
The English king known for his love of crusades
462
King John
The most hated king of English history
463
Simon de Montfort
Call the what is remembered as the first meeting of parliament in 1265
464
Edward I
The king who is "model parliament" resulted in representative government becoming a regular feature of English government
465
Joan of arc
Led the French army in the Hundred Years' War
466
Henry IV
The first thing in the Lancastrian dynasty
467
Henry VII
The first Tudor king of England
468
Henry VIII
The English monarch who divorced Catherine of Aragon because he wanted a male heir; the king who broke from the Catholic Church and made himself the head of the Church of England
469
Edward VI
Henry VIII's only male heir under whose rule Protestantism progressed
470
Mary I
The queen who resolved to return the English nation to the Roman church and became known as "bloody Mary" because about 300 persons were martyred during her reign
471
John Foxe
English historian that wrote the Book of Martyrs
472
Elizabeth I
"The Virgin Queen" who was beloved for her remarkable character and extraordinary performance as ruler of England
473
Philip II
The king of Spain who was determined to overthrow Elizabeth and make the Catholic queen of Scotland queen of England
474
Mary Stuart
The queen of the Scots who's the mother planned to depose Elizabeth to make Mary queen of England
475
John Knox
The outstanding leader of the Scottish Reformation
476
William the silent, Prince of Orange
The leader who led the Dutch patriots in defense of Protestantism in the Netherlands and became known as the "father of his country"
477
John Hawkins
The one who builds up the English fleet
478
Sir Francis Drake
The Englishman who attacked in rated Spanish ships with Elizabeth's knowledge and approval
479
William Shakespeare
Perhaps the greatest writer the world is ever known; the author of 38 players that were performed at Globe Theatre
480
James I
The first Stuart king of England who had scholars produce the King James or Authorized version of the Bible
481
Charles I
The "man of blood" who was tried and executed by Cromwell's army
482
Oliver Cromwell
The military genius who became Lord Protector of England after the Civil War
483
Charles II
The king under him the monarchy was fully restored by 1662
484
James II
The king who tried unsuccessfully to reimpose Romanism on England
485
William III and Mary II
The king and queen of England as a result of the glorious Revolution
486
Celts, druids
The earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles; a special group of Celtic men who acted as teachers, judges, and priests
487
Anglo-Saxons
The jukes, angles, and Saxons who conquered Britain
488
Beowulf
The greatest Saxon poem
489
Norman conquest
William the Conqueror's victory at the battle of Hastings
490
Domesday Book
The compilation of a census ordered by King William which was completed in 1086
491
Plantagenet
The line of kings started by Henry II
492
Magna Carta
The document that clearly defined the ancient rights and privileges of the people which king John was forced to sign at Runnymede
493
Constitution
Rules for exercise and restraint of governmental power
494
Model parliament
Representative government became a regular feature of English government
495
Book of common prayer
A book of prayers to be spoken or sung
496
Puritans
The group that wanted to "purify" the Church of England
497
King James or Authorized version
The Bible translation commissioned by James I and completed and 1611
498
Petition of Right
The document that reaffirmed the liberties and rights which Englishman had one in the past
499
Roundheads, cavaliers
Those against the king during the English Civil War; those for the king during the English Civil War
500
Ironsides
Cromwell's troops
501
Commonwealth
The name of England's government that lasted from 1649 to 1653
502
Protectorate
The name of England's government set up by Oliver Cromwell in 1653
503
Whigs
A group that arose in parliament to oppose Charles II
504
Hundred Years' War
A dispute over the French throne which lasted, with a few interruptions, from 1337 to 1453
505
War of the roses
The war between the houses of Lancaster and York
506
Battle of Bosworth field
The site where Henry Tudor (Lancaster) defeated Richard III (York) and became Henry VII, the first tutor king of England
507
English reformation
The time when England broke ties with the Catholic Church in the Bible became accessible to all Englishman
508
Scottish reformation
The reformation led by John Knox
509
Eleven Years' Tyrrany
The time. Where the government of England was changed from a government by monarchs, lords, and comments, to what was in effect an absolute and irrepressible monarchy, like that of France or Spain
510
English Civil War
A fight between the Cavaliers who fought for the principle of divine right and the roundheads who fought for government by consent
511
Treaty of Dover
The treaty secretly signed between Charles II and King Louis XIV in which Charles agreed to obtain toleration for English Catholics and to join the Roman church himself
512
Glorious Revolution
The bloodless revolution that established once and for all in England of the principle of government by consent
513
1066
Norman conquest
514
1215
King John signs the Magna Carta
515
1588
Spanish Armada
516
1611
King James version of the Bible complete
517
1662
Monarchy was fully restored
518
1688
Glorious Revolution
519
Asoka
Greatest ruler of the Maurya empire that extend it is domain southward until he control over two thirds of the Indian subcontinent
520
T'sai Lun
The Chinese inventor of paper
521
Pi Sheng
Developed the first movable type
522
Shih Huang Ti
The Chinese emperor who started the Chin Dynasty and built the first united Chinese empire
523
Genghis Khan
The Mongol emperor who ruled the largest empire in history
524
Prince Shotoku
That "founder of Japanese civilization" his greatest accomplishment was the establishment of a "Constitution"
525
Prince Henry the navigator
The Portuguese prince he was consumed with navigation and sent many ships on explorations
526
Marco Polo
The first European to travel the whole length of Asia
527
Leif Erickson
Viking explorer who may have sailed to America around A.D. 1000
528
Christopher Columbus
The Italian born Adventure that discovered America in 1492 on a voyage sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
529
Vasco da Gama
The first European to reach the far east by sea
530
Amerigo Vespucci
First man to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent
531
Spanish explorers
Ponce de Leon (The explorer who made the first Spanish Landing on the North American mainland)
Vasco de Balboa (The Spanish explorer who crossed to be it's messed of panama and discovered the Pacific ocean)
Ferdinand Magellan (A Portuguese sailor working for Spain he started at three year voyage around the world)
Hernando Cortes (The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec Indians)
Francisco Pizarro ( The Spaniard who conquered the Inca Indians of Peru)
Francisco Coronado;
Hernando De Soto
532
Philip II
King of Spain that probably controlled more of the surface of the earth and than any other human being
533
Pedro Cabral
The Portuguese navigator who discovered Brazil
534
French explorers
Giovanni de Verranzano (and I talion who explored the east coast of North America for France)
Jacques Cartier;
Samuel de Champlain (The founder of Quebec, the first permanent French colony in the New World)
Louis Joliet (A Jesuit missionary and fur trader respectively, that explored the central Mississippi River)
Robert cavalier de la Salle (The French explorer who claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France)
535
Henry Hudson
Discovered the Delaware Bay and the Hudson river
536
English explorers
```
John Cabot (The first explorer to reach the North American mainland)
Sir Francis Drake ( The first Englishman to sail around the world)
```
537
Indus River Valley
Where Indian civilization first arose about 2000 BC
538
Hong Kong
Location of the colony established by Great Britain in 1841
539
Indonesia
International crossroads for trade after Marco Polo visited the islands
540
Cape of good hope
The southern end of Africa which Bartholomeu Dias navigated
541
"New France"
Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi Valley
542
Roanoke Island
The location where sir Walter Raleigh founded the colony
543
Jamestown, Virginia
The first permanent English settlement in the New World
544
Maurya Empire
The greatest ruler of this empire, as Soca, control over two thirds of the Indian subcontinent and promoted Buddhism
545
Mogul Empire
The Muslim empire that ruled India from 1526 until the 1700s when the British East India Company came to power
546
Caste system
A strict social structure set up by the Aryans that included Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras
547
Hinduism and Buddhism
Two religions that originated in India
548
Reincarnation
The suppose it appearance of a soul after death in another body
549
Shang dynasty
The Chinese dynasty that developed a system of writing
550
Chin Dynasty
The dynasty that built the first United Chinese empire
551
Great wall of China
The worlds longest fortification dealt primarily for protection from the Huns
552
Han Dynasty
Dynasty that marked the height of ancient China's power and glory
553
Confucianism and Taoism
Two religions that originated in China
554
Yamato
The clan of Japan's emperors
555
Shinto
The oldest surviving religion of Japan
556
Age of exploration
The time when the people of Europe began in earnest to explore all the oceans and continents of the world
557
October 12, 1492
Columbus discovered America
558
1498
De Gama, the first European, reaches the far east by sea
559
1607
First permanent settlement in the New World
560
List five major religions that origin aided in Asia and indicate the geographic source of each. How are they all similar? How is religion hindered progress and freedom in Asia?
Five major religions that originated in Asia are Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, and Shinto. They are all similar in that they are reject the God of the Bible and promote the worship of false gods of all types spirits, men, or idols. They blind and have blinded countless soles of spiritual darkness. Pagan religions have hindered economic and social progress, keeping people from individual freedoms.
561
Explain the spirit that drove the Englishman to settle the New World
The spirit of individual freedoms and responsibility was in the hearts of the people of England. More and more Englishman read the Bible for themselves and many lives were changed. Or.... Dad says they were just bored.
