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Biol 251 Lecture > ch 20 > Flashcards

ch 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a aerobic gram neg. bacilli

A

Large diverse group of non spore forming bacteria

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2
Q

What are the wide ragne habits of the gram negtive bacilli

A

Zoonotic
respiratory
soil and water

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2
Q

Endotoxin

A

All have outer membrane lipopolysaccharide of cell wall

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3
Q

Aerobic gram neg. non enteric bacili

A

Pseudomonas, francisella, bordetlla and legionella

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4
Q

Pseudomonas

A

opportunistic pathogens

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5
Q

francisella

A

Zoonotic pathogens ( Animal vector)

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6
Q

Bordetella and legionella

A

mainly human pathogens

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7
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

A

imporant decomposers and biremediators

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8
Q

P. Aeruginosa reservior

A

Soil and water

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9
Q

What does p. Aeruginosa produce

A

Oxidase and catalase

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9
Q

Do P. Aeruginosa have aerobic respiration

A

yes

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10
Q

P. Aeruginosa resistant to..

A

Soap, dyes, quaternary amonium disinfectants, drugs, drying

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11
Q

Is P. Aeruginosa opportunistic

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is the commo cause of nosocomial infections in host…

A

burns, neoplastic disease and cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

complications include

A

Pneumonia, UTI, abscesses, otitis and corneal disease

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14
Q

what oder does it have

A

Grape like order, greenish-blue pigment and multi drug resistant

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14
Q

Realted gram negative aerobic rods

A

Acinetobacter, francisella, stenotrophpmonas and bordetella

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14
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Do not ferment sugars and they are opportunistic

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15
Q

Acinetobacter Baumanii

A

nosocomial and community acquired inf

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16
Q

What are the portals of entery for A. baumanii

A

Wounds, lungs, urinary tract, burns and blood

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17
Q

Is A. Baumanii resistant

A

Yes Extermly resistant and treatment with combo antimicrobials

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18
Q

What is the most recent outbreak of A. baumanii

A

Carbapenem-resistant strains

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19
Q

what is carbapenem?

A

-Borad spectrum beta lactam antibitoic ( effective againts gram pos. and gram neg.)
- inacrivated by caebapenemases

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20
Q

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia

A

nosocomial and community acquired infections that form bioflims

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21
Q

S. Maltophilia resivour

A

Water and medical devices

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22
Q

S. Maltophilia is contaminat of

A
  • Disinfectants ( can grow in anti microbial soap containing triclosan)
  • Dialysis equptment
  • Respiratory equip.
  • Catheters
    _ water dispensers
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23
Q

Clinical isolate in

A

respirtaory soft tissue, blood and CSF

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24
Q

Is it highly resistance to drugs

A

Yes to multipule

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25
Q

Francisella Tularensis

A

causes TULAREMIA

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26
Q

Tularemia

A

Zoonotic disease of mammals endemic to northern hemosphere, Rabbits = rabbits fever

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27
Q

Is it infectious or rare

A

Rare and very infectous.

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28
Q

What can tularemia attack

A

Skin, eyes, lymph nodes, lungs and less ofetn, other internal organs

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29
Q

How is it transmitted

A

Contact with infected animals, water, dust w/comtamiated soil, INSECT BITES and tick bites

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30
Q

What is the death rate

A

10% SYSTEMIC AND PULMONIC FORMS

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31
Q

How to cure

A

Vaccine and is a potential bioterrosim agent

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32
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Minute, encapusalted coccobacillus, often severe life threatening complications in BABIES

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33
Q

What does B. pertussis cause

A

PERTUSIS OR Whooping cough, communicable childhood affliction

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34
Q

B. Pertussis is what type of acute synrome

A

respiratory syndrome

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35
Q

B. Pertussi reservoir

A

Apparently healthy carriers

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36
Q

B. Pertussis transmitted by

A

DIrect contact or inhalation of aerosols

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37
Q

Whooping cough Virulence factors

A

Bind to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells , toxins destory and disloge cells

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38
Q

Whooping cough does what for the airways

A

Loss of ciliary mechanism leads to buildup of mucus and blockage of airway ( BAD FOR BABIES)

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39
Q

DTaP Vaccine

A

Acellular vaccine, contain toxid and other Ags

40
Q

L. pneumophila and legionsellosis didtrubuted in

A

Water and live in close associaton with amoebas

41
Q

L. Pneumophila ( Legionellosis

A

1976 epidemic of pnemonia and affect 200 americalegion members in philly and killed 29

42
Q

Is legionellosis communicable

A

No

43
Q

Source of Legionellosis

A

Contaminated hot tubs, cooling towers, hot water tanks, plubming systems, and decorative fountains

44
Q

Legionnaries disease

A

PNEUMONIA; cough, short breath, high fever, muscle aches, headaches

45
Q

Pontaic fever

A

Milder form of legionaries disease lasting 2-5 days

46
Q

What is the faitallity rate

A

3-30%

47
Q

Treatment for legionellosis

A

azithromycin

48
Q

Enterotoxins most frequent cause through

A

diarrhea

49
Q

Enterobacteriaceae family

A

Faculaitve anarobes ( grow best in air)

50
Q

Enterobacteriacease characteristics

A

Ferment glucose
reduced nitrates to nitrites
oxidase neg
catalase pos

51
Q

Coliforms

A

Lactose fermentors

52
Q

Non-coliforms

A

Non lactose fermenters

53
Q

H antigen

A

Flagellar Ag

54
Q

Antigen K

A

Capsule and or fimbrial Ag

55
Q

Antigen O

A

Somatic or cell wall Ag (All have)

56
Q

Along with

A

Endotoxin and exotoxin

57
Q

E coli

A

Most prevalent enteric bacilus

58
Q

E coil how many strains

A

150 strains

58
Q

E coli most aerobic and

A

non fastidous bacterium in gut

59
Q

Ecoli greatest casue of mortality among

A

Babies

60
Q

E coli cause

A

50-80% UTI

61
Q

Coliform count

A

Indicator of fecal contamination in water

62
Q

Enteroxigenic

A

E coli causes sever diarrgea due to heat-labike toxin and heat stable toxin

63
Q

Enterotoxigenic also known as

A

Travelers diarrhea, onset within 5-7 days , stimulate secretion and fluid loss

64
Q

Enteroinvasive

A

E Coli cause inflamitory disease of large intestine, Similar to shigella dysentery

64
Q

Enteropathigenic

A

E coil linked to washing from infantile diarrhea

65
Q

Prototypical strain of enterohemorrhagic

A

O157:H7

65
Q

Enterohemorrhagic

A

E coli cause hemorrhagic syndrome and kidney damage, Infectous dose of 100 cells

65
Q

10% of cases lead to

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

66
Q

Abnormal and premature lysis of rbc clog

A

filtering system in the kidneys

67
Q

In who is it most prevalent in

A

Children , onset after 2-14 days of bloody diarrhea

68
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Normal inhabitant of respirtaory tract, large caouple and cause nosocomial pneumonic, meningitis, bacteremia, wound infections and UTI

68
Q

Opportunistic coliforms

A

-Klbsiella pneumoniae
-Enterobacter sp.
-Serratia Marcesens
- Citobacter sp.

69
Q

Citrobactor

A

Opportunistic UTI and bacteremia

69
Q

Enterobacter sp

A

UTI, surgical wounds

70
Q

Serratia marcescens

A

Red pigment, cause pneumonia, burns, and wound infections, septicemia and meningitis

70
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Most serous pathogen, cause of typhoid fever in human host

71
Q

Typhoid fever

A

Ingsted of fecally contaminated food or water, spread by close personal contact

72
Q

Typhoid asymptomatic carriers

A

Shaed bacilli form gallbladder

73
Q

Typhoid cause

A

Invasive disrrhea that leads to septicemia

73
Q

How many vaccines are needed for typhoid

A

2 temporary protection

74
Q

Typhoid mary

A

Mary mallon worked as a cook for 7 familes, the first incidence in which an asymptomatic carrier was discrovered

75
Q

How many did Mary infecions and deaths

A

51-122 infected and 3 deaths

76
Q

SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS

A

Zoonotic in orgin but humans can become carriers
- Cattle
- Poultry
- Rodents
- reptiles
- Animals and dairy products

76
Q

Salmonelloses

A

ENTERIC FEVERS, salmonella food poisoing and gastroenteritis

77
Q

Shigellosis

A

Crippling ab cramps, frequent defecation of watery stolled filled with mucus and blood

78
Q

Shigella Sp.

A

Primarily human pathogens throuh can infets apes

79
Q

Shigella sp virulance factors

A

Shiga toxin ) Injures never cells, intesine and kidneys )

80
Q

Shigella site of inf

A

Mucosea of large intestine, damage due to inflammatory response, endotoxins promo fever and entero damage intestinal muscoa,
-Vili causing bleeding and heavy mucosa

81
Q

Yersina pestis and plague

A

Nonenteric, tiny gram neg,

81
Q

Yersina pestis and plague virulence factors

A

Capsular and envelope protiens ) Coagulase, endotosin and murine toxin)

82
Q

Murine toxin

A

Highly toxic to mice but necessary for survival in fleas

83
Q

Yersina pestis ( Bubnic plague)

A

AKA Black death
- Killed 25 million and 30-60% of eurpoe
Ring around the rosy

84
Q

Flea vectors

A

repilcates in gut, coagulase cuase blood clotting that block esophagus

85
Q

if left untreated

A

50-90% mortality rate

85
Q

Bubonic

A

Bacillus multiples in flea bite , swelling called BUBO in groin or axilla

86
Q

Septicemic

A

Preogression in bacterial growth, Black plague

86
Q

Pneumonic

A

Inf in lungs, highly contagoius, fatal without treatment

87
Q

Plague has a high or low infectous rate

A

Low

87
Q

H. Infuenzae

A

Acute bacterial menigitis, epilottis, otis media, sinusitis, pneumonia nd bronchitis ( SUBUNIT VACCINE Hib)

88
Q

H. aegyptius

A

Pink eye, conjunctivities

Biol 251 Lecture (12 decks)

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