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Biol 251 Lecture > Ch. 12 > Flashcards

Ch. 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Antibitoics

A

Aerobic bacteria and fungi

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2
Q

Bacteria in genera

A

Streptomyces and bacillus

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3
Q

Molds in genera

A

Penicillium and cephalosporium

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4
Q

Selectively toxic

A

Antimicrobial drugs should kill or inhibit microbial cells without stiultaneously damaging host tissue

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5
Q

Mechanisms of drug action

A
  • Cell wall inhibitors
  • cell membrane
  • DNA/RNA
  • Protien synthesis inhibitors acting on ribosomes ( SIte of 50S, 30S and both together)
  • Metabloic pathways and products
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6
Q

What is a direct effect of antibiotics?

A

Decrease in the prevalnce of infectoius disease

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7
Q

Spectrum

A

Range of activity of a drug

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8
Q

Narrow spectrum

A

Effective on a small range of microbes ( Target specific cell component that is found in certain microbes)

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9
Q

Most bacterial cell wall contain

A

Peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Penicillins that do not penetrate the outer membrane are

A

Less effective against gram neg bacteria

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9
Q

Primary mode of action is to interfere with

A

Cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Active on

A

young growing cells

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10
Q

Broad spectrum

A

Greatest range of activity ( Target cell compoents common to most pathogens like ribosomes)

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10
Q

Beta lactam

A

Antimicrobials

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11
Q

Penicillina and cephalosproins block

A

Synthesis of peptodoglycan causing cell wall to lyse

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12
Q

Greater than half of all antimicrobic drungs are

A

beta lactams

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13
Q

Which are the most prominent beta lactams

A

Penicillins and cephalosproins

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14
Q

Summary of penecillin

A

Cause the bacterial cell wall to lyse

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15
Q

Could be synthesized in a lab but

A

More economical to obtain natural penicliin through micro fermentation

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15
Q

PENICILLINASE

A

Inactivates penicillins

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16
Q

What are the three structures

A

Thiazolidine ring, beta-lctam ring and variable side chain dictating microbial activity

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17
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • 1/3 of antibiotics administered
  • Altered beta-lactam structure
  • resisnt to most penicillinase and cause FEW allergic reactions
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18
Q

Geneeric names ahve root

A

cef, ceph, or kef

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19
Q

Chephalosporins 4 genertions

A

each more effective agaisnt gram negative
- first gen
- second gen
- third gen
- foruth gen

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20
Q

First gen ( More positive, thin )

A

Cephalothin, cefazolin
- Most effecrive against gram pos cocci and few gram neg

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21
Q

Second gen ( More negative and likes to bake)

A

Cefclor and cefonacid, More effective againts gram negative

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21
Q

Third gen

A

Cehalexin and ceftrixone
- Borad spectrum
- Against enteric bacteria and with beta- actamases

22
Q

Fourth gen ( Widest, pos and neg)

A

Cefepime,
-widest range form broth neg and pos gram

23
Q

Vancomycin

A

Narrow spectrum,

24
Q

When is vancomycin most effective

A

Treatment of Staph infections in cases of penecillin and methcillin
- Toxic and harder to administer

25
Q

Bacitracin

A

Narrow spectrum produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis, used topically in OINTMNET

26
Q

A cel with danaged membrane dies from disruption in

A

Metabolism or lysis

27
Q

Polymyxins

A

Interact with phospholipids and cause leakage, particulary gram neg bacteria

28
Q

Amphotericin B and Nystatin

A

Complxes with sterold on fungal memberane which cause leakage

29
Q

Antibiotics taht target protein synthesus can also damage …

A

eukaryotic mitochondria

30
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

( Steptomycin, gentamycin)
- Mis reading mRNA changing A-site cauisng protein synthesus to be blocked

31
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Block attachments of tRNA on a receptor and stop further protien synthesis

32
Q

Tertracyclines antibodies

A

Boread spectrum, block protien synthesis by binding ribosomes,

33
Q

It is a treatment for ..

A

STD, rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disease, typhus, acne and prtozoa

34
Q

Competitive inhibition

A

Drug competes with normal substarte for enzyme active sites

35
Q

Drugs tht affect metabloic pathways

A

Competiive inhibition
Sulfonamides
synergistic effect

36
Q

Synergistic effect

A

Effects of a combo of antibitoics greater than the sum of the effects of individuals antibi

37
Q

Sulfonamides and trimethoprim block

A

metabolic pathways

38
Q

Folic acid

A

Block synthesis by bacteria also nwrrow specturm

39
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

bruns, eye inf.

39
Q

Sulfisoxazole

A

Shigellosis, UTI, protozoan inf.

40
Q

Trimethoprim

A

combo with sulfmethoxazole ( UTI and PCP)

41
Q

Treatent for drugs that affect nucleic acid synthesis

A

Antibacteril, antiviral ( similar to NUCLEIC ACIDS), and antiprotozoan

42
Q

Chloroquine

A

affect NA synthesis
- Binds and cross links double helix to treat malaria infections

43
Q

Quinolones

A

Affect NA synthesis
- Inhibits DNA helicases

44
Q

Quinolone exmaples

A

cipo and levaquin

45
Q

What is likely molecualr traget for a drug whose mode of action is protien synthesis

A

Ribosomes

46
Q

Acyclovir

A

Zovirax, valacyclovir, famiciclovir and peniciclovir
( Terminates DNA rep. in herpes viruses)

47
Q

Retoviruses offers 2 target chemotherapy

A

Interferences with viral DNA from viral RNA and Interference with synthesis of DNA using nonnucleoside

48
Q

AZIDOTHYMIDINE

A

FIRST drug amied at treating AIDS

49
Q

Interferins

A

Human based glycoprotien primarily by second line of immune defense made by Fibroblast and leukocytes

50
Q

Therapeutic benefits include

A
  • reduce helaing time
  • prevent and reduces symptomes of cold and papillomavriuse
    -slows progress of certain cnacers, lukemia and lyphomas
    -treatment of hepatitis C, genetial warts and kaposi sarcoma
51
Q

Drugs for tretaing influenza

A

Amantadine, rimantidine and relenza/tamiflu

52
Q

Amantadine/ rimantidine

A

Restriced excusivly to infuenza A viral inf.
Prevent fusion of virus with cell membrane

53
Q

Relenza/ tamiful

A

Slightly broader spectrum
-BLOCKS neuraminidase in influenza A and B
- Acts upon entery and exit during viral replication

54
Q

Ketolides

A

Newg drug with diff ring structures from erytgromycin
- used for inf and most effective against gram pos. respiratry tract inf.

55
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

LINEZOLID
- Syntheic antimicrobial that blocks interaction of mRNA and ribosomes

56
Q

Used to treat respiratory inf. skin and blood

A

MRSA and VRE

57
Q

Conjunation or transformation

A

Acquisition of new genes or sets of genes VIA transfer form another species

58
Q

NO GROWTH ADVANTGE UNTIL EXPOSED TO DRUNG OR

A

HOMOSTASIS IN BACTERIAL FLORA IS LOST

59
Q

If exposed

A

Sensative cell are inhibited or destoryed while resistanc cells surive

60
Q

Natural selection

A

Eventually population will be resistant

Biol 251 Lecture (12 decks)

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