Ch 2: Cell Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptations Flashcards
define etiology
disease origin
what is an immediate cause of disease
something that directly causes disease
ex. an infection causes pneumonia
what is a precipitating cause of disease
factor that triggers onset of disease
ex. patient aspirates which eventually leads to pneumonia
what is predisposing cause
something that predisposes you to disease but is not the immediate cause
ex. patient has dementia and difficulty swallowing
define morphology
the gross and microscopic appearance of tissue
define pathogenesis
series of steps in the development of disease
define clinical manifestations
symptoms or observed signs of diseases
define lesion
generic term for any damaged or abnormal change in the tissue
define subclinical disease
disease that showed no signs on a clinical exam
rather it is discovered through imaging or accidentally in bloodwork
define morbidity
state of having an illness
define the topographic disease classification
by body or region
ex. abdominal vs thoracic
define the anatomic disease classification
by organ or tissue
ex. heart disease
define the physiological disease classification
by function or effect - underlying physical unwellness produced by the disease
ex. metabolic, respiratory
define the pathological disease classification
by the nature of the disease process (the type of disease)
ex. inflammatory or neoplastic
define the etiologic disease classification
causative agent
ex. organisms that cause certain diseases
define the juristic disease classification
legal circumstances regarding death
ex. natural vs sudden death
define the epidemiological disease classification
incidence, distribution, and control of disorders within a population
ex. the corona virus epidemic
define the statistical disease classification
the number of new cases of a specific disease that occurs during a certain period
define inherited (familial)
inherent chromosomal abnormality of one or more parents
ex. dominant or recessive
define autosomal dominant
disease that can be caused by only one copy of abnormal genes
ex. huntington disease
define autosomal recessive
disease caused by two copies of an abnormal gene
ex. sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis
define sex-linked inheritance
diseases that occur on sex chromosome
will be expressed if on X gene in males because they only have one X gene
ex. hemophilia
define congenital
disorder present at birth
define toxicity
various poisons that cause cell degeneration or death
define infectious
disease introduced to the body by pathogenic agents (bacteria, fungus, etc.)
define traumatic
disease caused by direct physical injury
define degenerative
a disease that results from aging or wear and tear
define allergic
sensitivity to an antigen
define autoimmune
body’s immune system attacks itself
define neoplastic
new abnormal growth of cells forming a tumor
ex. benign or malignant
define cachexia
extreme weight loss and muscle wasting
define psychosomatic
disease which involves both mind and body
define somatoform
psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with medical or neurological condition
define malingering
exaggerating or faking illness to escape duty
define factitious
mental disorder in which a person acts if they have a physical or mental illness when in fact they have consciously created these symptoms
ex. Münchausen syndrome
define iatrogenic
relating to illness caused by medical examination or treatment
define nosocomial
disease is acquired in the hospital
define adverse event
incident that results in harm to the patient
ex. falls, malnutrition, infection, and pressure injury
