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Biology > Ch 19 Bacteria And Viruses Notes > Flashcards

Ch 19 Bacteria And Viruses Notes Flashcards

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0
Q

Archaebacteria

A

Ancient; found in harsh environments, produces methane gas. Oxygen free environment. Concentrated salt water. Hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs

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1
Q

Bacteria kingdoms

A

Prokaryotes

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2
Q

Eubacteria

A

True; greatest diverse in metabolism

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3
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Chemoheterotrophs, photoheterotrophs

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4
Q

Chemo heterotrophs

A

Parasites, saprobes-decomposers

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5
Q

Autotrophs

A

Photosynthetic, chemosynthetic

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6
Q

Photosynthetic

A

Cyanobacteria-blue green bacteria

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7
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Energy from inorganic substances- sulfur, nitrogen

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8
Q

Releasing energy

A

Obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes

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9
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Clostridium botulinum

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11
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

E. Coli

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12
Q

Growth and reproduction, survival

A

Binary fission, conjugation, transformation, transduction, spore formation, capsule

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13
Q

Binary fission

A

Asexual reproduction

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14
Q

Conjugation

A

Sexual reproduction (DNA is exchanged for DNA variations)

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15
Q

Transformation

A

Sexual reproduction, living bacteria absorbs DNA from dead

16
Q

Transduction

A

Sexual reproduction, viruses carry DNA fr bacteria to bacteria

17
Q

Spore formation

A

Endospore- resistance testing stage, protects bacteria

18
Q

Capsule

A

Protects from white blood cells

19
Q

Importance of bacteria

A

Decomposers, nitrogen fixing

20
Q

Nitrogen fixing

A

Nitrogen fixation- process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia. Ex. Legumes

21
Q

Human uses bacteria in

A

Food digest petroleum

22
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod shaped

23
Q

Cocci

A

Sphere shaped

24
Q

Spirochetes

A

Corkscrew

25
Q

Amorphous

A

Without shape

26
Q

Viruses

A

Not living

27
Q

Virus’s characteristics

A

Do not carry out respiration, do not grow or move, do not reproduce-only in host cell, contain only one kind of nucleic acid, may be crystallized

28
Q

Inner core of virus

A

Either DNA or RNA

29
Q

Protective outer coat of protein virus

A

Capsid, determines receptor site

30
Q

Reproductive cycles

A

Lyric cycle and lysogenic cycle

31
Q

Lytic cycle

A

Attaches to receptor site, nucleic and injects into cell, replication, assembly, lysis and release

32
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A

Injects nucleic acid, provirus forms Prophage, provirus is reproduced, cell enters lytic cycle

33
Q

When call enters lyric cycle

A

Provirus leaves chromosomes, lytic cycle, cell lyses

34
Q

Provirus examples

A

Cold sores-herpes
Hepatitis B
Chicken pox-shingles

35
Q

Retrovirus

A

Only RNA

36
Q

Retrovirus reverse transcription

A

An enzyme that speeds up the copies or Viral RNA into DNA

37
Q

RNA lytic virus

A

Follows lytic cycle, makes copies of RNA by base pairing

Biology (13 decks)

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