Ch. 18 Urinary System Flashcards
Define/explain the term antegrade.
Going with the natural flow of things.
What is the term for the “blushing” of the kidneys post contrast injection.
Nephrogram
Mr. Miller has a renal calculi of the right kidney. The radiologist has requested that a position be utilized to place the right kidney more parallel to the IR. What position should the patient be placed in to achieve this?
LPO
State 2 specific things that may demonstrate by a Post Void radiograph.
- Residual urine left in the bladder
2. Prolapsed bladder
During Mrs. Smith’s IVP, it has been difficult to demonstrate her distal ureters. What position may be requested in order to better demonstrate this anatomy?
Prone
Which condition would likely be demonstrated if present during a VCUG study?
Ureteral Reflux
Why is it beneficial to use compression for some IVP studies?
to retard the excretion of the kidneys
How many degrees should a patient be rotated when performing oblique kidney views?
30 degrees
Generally speaking, how does one determine the dosage of contrast to be given to a child for an IVP?
1cc of contrast per 1 pound of body weight.
Regarding tomography, the term focal plane or the level of the axis of rotation, may also be called the –1– level.
Fulcrum
Name the 1 type of basic blurring motion that is associated with tomography.
Unidirectional (linear)
Pluridirectional (complex)
Keeping the focal plane constant and changing/adjusting the table height is the definition of the –1– Principle of tomography.
Grossman
Describe the location of the UVJ.
The UVJ is where the ureters meet the bladder.
Describe the location of the UPJ?
The UPJ is where the ureters meet the kidneys.
Retrograde filling of the urinary system demonstrates –1–.
Anatomy
At which vertebral level is the superior pole of the kidneys usually found?
T-12
What is the name of the indention on the medial border of the kidneys?
Hilum
When using compression during an IVP, it should be placed a the level of the –1– and slightly medially for best results.
ASIS
Proper respiration for IVP studies is –1–. however, the most important thing to remember about respirations is –2–.
- Suspend on exhalation
2. keep the respiration contrast through the entire exam.
Kidneys are able to move —- to —- inches during respiration.
1/2 to 1 and 1/2
Which pole of the kidney lies more posterior?
Upper pole
Name 2 of the 4 criteria needed for tomography.
Xray source and object
With regard to exposure angle when performing tomography, the larger the exposure angle the –1– the cut of the anatomy.
thinner
When performing oblique bladder images the patient should be rotated so the MCP is –1– degrees from the IR/table.
40-60 degrees
Another term for urinating is –1–.
Micturition
The medical term for a “dropped” kidney is –1–.
Nephroptosis
The functioning unit of the kidneys is the –1–.
Nephrons
The capillary network that aids the filtrate from the blood that will eventually become urine is the –1–.
Glomerulus
Why is it important to know the values of a patient’s BUN and Creatinine prior to injection or contrast material?
Those levels are a direct indication of kidney function. IF you have a high BUN reading you are at an increased risk of throwing your patient into contrast induced renal failure.
What is the function of the urethra?
To carry urine out of the body
Define the following terms:
- Incontinence-
- Hematuria
- Pyuria-
- Prostatic Hypertrophy-
- Dysuria-
- The uncontrollable/involuntary emptying of the bladder.
- Blood in the urine.
- Pus in the urine.
- Enlarged prostate.
- Pain when urinating.
Explain the basic procedure for determining the proper tomo cuts for an IVP study.
measure, cut in half, subtract 2, multiply by 10= middle cut.
VCUG stands for –1–.
Voiding Cysto Urethrogram
How do you center for a:
- Kidney-
- Bladder-
- KUB-
- Bisect xiphoid process (T10) and umblicus (L4)
- 2 inches below ASIS
- Center at Creast along MSP
Regarding kidney tomograms, if three tomo cuts are performed at 70-80-90, which is the most anterior cut and explain how you can tell.
90 is the most anterior cut because you will see the body of the vertebrae.
Sheilding is not necessary when performing an IVP study.
False
A student may read the consent and explain an exam if a technologist is present.
True
A voiding cystourethrography demonstrates the bladder, urethra, and their emptying function.
True
The proper kV range for urinary studies should be the mid 60s.
True
When performing an oblique bladder image, the –1– UVJ will be best demonstrated.
Side up
A cystogram or voiding cystogram studies require that the patient be –1– in order for the contrast to be introduced into their body.
cathaterized
Label the following radiograph.
- Minor Calacys
- Major Calycys
- Renal Pelvis
- Contrast filled ureters
- contrast in bladder
What muscle of the bladder contracts and results in the emptying of the bladder.
Detruser
What radiographic study is performed on patients who have had a cystectomy and need their urinary tract examined?
Loopogram
Give and example of autotomography.
Ontelello Method
Name the exam that will study the emptying functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra.
voiding cystourethroureterography
