Ch. 18 Urinary System

Question 1

Define/explain the term antegrade.

Answer 1

Going with the natural flow of things.

Question 2

What is the term for the “blushing” of the kidneys post contrast injection.

Answer 2

Nephrogram

Question 3

Mr. Miller has a renal calculi of the right kidney. The radiologist has requested that a position be utilized to place the right kidney more parallel to the IR. What position should the patient be placed in to achieve this?

Answer 3

LPO

Question 4

State 2 specific things that may demonstrate by a Post Void radiograph.

Answer 4

1. Residual urine left in the bladder

2. Prolapsed bladder

Question 5

During Mrs. Smith’s IVP, it has been difficult to demonstrate her distal ureters. What position may be requested in order to better demonstrate this anatomy?

Answer 5

Prone

Question 6

Which condition would likely be demonstrated if present during a VCUG study?

Answer 6

Ureteral Reflux

Question 7

Why is it beneficial to use compression for some IVP studies?

Answer 7

to retard the excretion of the kidneys

Question 8

How many degrees should a patient be rotated when performing oblique kidney views?

Answer 8

30 degrees

Question 9

Generally speaking, how does one determine the dosage of contrast to be given to a child for an IVP?

Answer 9

1cc of contrast per 1 pound of body weight.

Question 10

Regarding tomography, the term focal plane or the level of the axis of rotation, may also be called the –1– level.

Answer 10

Fulcrum

Question 11

Name the 1 type of basic blurring motion that is associated with tomography.

Answer 11

Unidirectional (linear)

Pluridirectional (complex)

Question 12

Keeping the focal plane constant and changing/adjusting the table height is the definition of the –1– Principle of tomography.

Answer 12

Grossman

Question 13

Describe the location of the UVJ.

Answer 13

The UVJ is where the ureters meet the bladder.

Question 14

Describe the location of the UPJ?

Answer 14

The UPJ is where the ureters meet the kidneys.

Question 15

Retrograde filling of the urinary system demonstrates –1–.

Answer 15

Anatomy

Question 16

At which vertebral level is the superior pole of the kidneys usually found?

Answer 16

T-12

Question 17

What is the name of the indention on the medial border of the kidneys?

Answer 17

Hilum

Question 18

When using compression during an IVP, it should be placed a the level of the –1– and slightly medially for best results.

Answer 18

ASIS

Question 19

Proper respiration for IVP studies is –1–. however, the most important thing to remember about respirations is –2–.

Answer 19

1. Suspend on exhalation

2. keep the respiration contrast through the entire exam.

Question 20

Kidneys are able to move —- to —- inches during respiration.

Answer 20

1/2 to 1 and 1/2

Question 21

Which pole of the kidney lies more posterior?

Answer 21

Upper pole

Question 22

Name 2 of the 4 criteria needed for tomography.

Answer 22

Xray source and object

Question 23

With regard to exposure angle when performing tomography, the larger the exposure angle the –1– the cut of the anatomy.

Answer 23

thinner

Question 24

When performing oblique bladder images the patient should be rotated so the MCP is –1– degrees from the IR/table.

Answer 24

40-60 degrees

Question 25

Another term for urinating is --1--.

Answer 25

Micturition

Question 26

The medical term for a "dropped" kidney is --1--.

Answer 26

Nephroptosis

Question 27

The functioning unit of the kidneys is the --1--.

Answer 27

Nephrons

Question 28

The capillary network that aids the filtrate from the blood that will eventually become urine is the --1--.

Answer 28

Glomerulus

Question 29

Why is it important to know the values of a patient's BUN and Creatinine prior to injection or contrast material?

Answer 29

Those levels are a direct indication of kidney function. IF you have a high BUN reading you are at an increased risk of throwing your patient into contrast induced renal failure.

Question 30

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 30

To carry urine out of the body

Question 31

# Define the following terms: 1. Incontinence- 2. Hematuria 3. Pyuria- 4. Prostatic Hypertrophy- 5. Dysuria-

Answer 31

1. The uncontrollable/involuntary emptying of the bladder. 2. Blood in the urine. 3. Pus in the urine. 4. Enlarged prostate. 5. Pain when urinating.

Question 32

Explain the basic procedure for determining the proper tomo cuts for an IVP study.

Answer 32

measure, cut in half, subtract 2, multiply by 10= middle cut.

Question 33

VCUG stands for --1--.

Answer 33

Voiding Cysto Urethrogram

Question 34

How do you center for a: 1. Kidney- 2. Bladder- 3. KUB-

Answer 34

1. Bisect xiphoid process (T10) and umblicus (L4) 2. 2 inches below ASIS 3. Center at Creast along MSP

Question 35

Regarding kidney tomograms, if three tomo cuts are performed at 70-80-90, which is the most anterior cut and explain how you can tell.

Answer 35

90 is the most anterior cut because you will see the body of the vertebrae.

Question 36

Sheilding is not necessary when performing an IVP study.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

A student may read the consent and explain an exam if a technologist is present.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

A voiding cystourethrography demonstrates the bladder, urethra, and their emptying function.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The proper kV range for urinary studies should be the mid 60s.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

When performing an oblique bladder image, the --1-- UVJ will be best demonstrated.

Answer 40

Side up

Question 41

A cystogram or voiding cystogram studies require that the patient be --1-- in order for the contrast to be introduced into their body.

Answer 41

cathaterized

Question 42

Label the following radiograph.

Answer 42

1. Minor Calacys 2. Major Calycys 3. Renal Pelvis 4. Contrast filled ureters 5. contrast in bladder

Question 43

What muscle of the bladder contracts and results in the emptying of the bladder.

Answer 43

Detruser

Question 44

What radiographic study is performed on patients who have had a cystectomy and need their urinary tract examined?

Answer 44

Loopogram

Question 45

Give and example of autotomography.

Answer 45

Ontelello Method

Question 46

Name the exam that will study the emptying functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Answer 46

voiding cystourethroureterography