Bony Thorax

Question 1

What is the best position to utilize in order to adequately remove the sternum from the vertebral column?

Answer 1

RAO

Question 2

The proper breathing for a lateral sternum should be –1–.

Answer 2

Deep Inspiration

Question 3

The proper respiration for AP upper ribs should be –1–.

Answer 3

Deep Inspiration

Question 4

There are –1– pairs of false ribs.

Answer 4

5 pairs

Question 5

The scalloped edged appearances on the body of the sternum are called –1–.

Answer 5

Costal Notches

Question 6

The sternal angle is at the approximate vertebral level –1–.

Answer 6

T4

Question 7

The xiphoid process is at the approximate vertebral level of –1–

Answer 7

T10

Question 8

Another name for the body of the sternum is the –1–.

Answer 8

Gladiolus

Question 9

According the Merrill’s, the best position to use in order to demonstrate axillary ribs is the –1–.

Answer 9

Oblique

Question 10

Ribs that have a direct anterior attachment to the sternum are considered to be –1–.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

The –1– of the vertebrae and the –1– of the rib, form the costotransverse joint.

Answer 11

1. Transverse process

2. Tubercle

Question 12

When performing oblique rib positions on a supine patient, the elevated or side up ribs will appear –1–.

Answer 12

Foreshortened

Question 13

When performing oblique rib positions on a supine patient, the side down ribs will appear –1–.

Answer 13

Elongated

Question 14

The RAO position of the sternum is preferred because –1–

Answer 14

It puts the sternum in the homogenous densities of the heart.

Question 15

List the two breathing methods that may be used when performing the RAO of the sternum.

Answer 15

1. Short, shallow breathing with long exposure

2. Expiration

Question 16

According to Merrill’s, in order to best demonstrate the anterior ribs the patient should be placed in the –1– position.

Answer 16

Prone

Question 17

What is the preferred scale of contrast used for rib exams and explain why?

Answer 17

Short scale/high contrast because trying to visualize bones. Don’t want a lot of shades of gray because it will take away from bony detail.

Question 18

Proper respiration for AP lower ribs should be –1–. Why?

Answer 18

1. Exhalation

2. It will elevate the diaphragm allowing for a better visualization of the lower ribs.

Question 19

When performing oblique rib positions, the patient should be rotated –1– degrees.

Answer 19

45 degrees

Question 20

What is meant by partial or incomplete or unilateral ribs?

Answer 20

Only focused on x-raying one side of the patient. If the order says L Unilateral Ribs, you x-ray the L ribs of the patient and vice versa if it said R.

Question 21

What can be placed at the injury site for ribs in order to assist the radiologist when interpreting the image?

Answer 21

Lead BB

Question 22

How many degrees should the patient be rotated when performing an oblique sternum position?

Answer 22

15-20 degrees

Question 23

When performing an oblique sternum, the CR should be perpendicular and directed to mid-sternum or approx. T7. Explain how you would achieve this by using bony landmarks as a guide.

Answer 23

C7 is the vertebral level of the vertebral prominence, so I would put the top of my film at this prominence by feeling the spine and then off set 1 inch to the left of the patient’s spine.

Question 24

What is the recommended SID for an oblique sternum that will help blur out the posterior ribs, –1–?

Answer 24

30 inches

Question 25

Explain what positioning maneuver must be done in order to adequately demonstrate the sternum in the lateral position.

Answer 25

The patient must clasp their hands behind their back if possible, roll their shoulders back and jutt their chest out forward. Then tell them to take a deep breath in to further push the sternum in profile.

Question 26

According to Merrill's, when performing oblique ribs to demonstrate the axillary ribs on the prone patient, the affected side will be --1--.

Answer 26

Away/elongated

Question 27

The SC joints require --1-- degrees of rotation in order to move them from the spine.

Answer 27

10-15 degrees

Question 28

Proper respirations for SC joints should be --1-- to achieve more uniform density.

Answer 28

Expiration

Question 29

SC stands for --1--.

Answer 29

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 30

Why are SC joints performed utilizing the PA projection?

Answer 30

To decrease magnification

Question 31

The CR should be perpendicular and directed to the --1-- for PA SC Joints.

Answer 31

Manubrial Notch

Question 32

When would it be appropriate to perform ribs in the upright position?

Answer 32

When the patient can't lay supine on the table.

Question 33

According to Merrill's, when is it appropriate to perform ribs in the recumbent position?

Answer 33

When the patient can lay supine/prone and able to roll 45 degrees in both directions.

Question 34

Proper respiration for lower ribs (ribs below the diaphragm) should be --1--.

Answer 34

Exhalation

Question 35

If a patient could not lie prone for the routine oblique sternum the equivalent position would be --1--.

Answer 35

LPO

Question 36

If using filtration on bilateral oblique ribs, where would the thick portion of the filter be placed, side up or side down?

Answer 36

Side up

Question 37

Name the function of the SC Joints.

Answer 37

Attaches upper limbs to the trunk

Question 38

Ribs that have NO ANTERIOR ATTACHMENT AT ALL are called --1--.

Answer 38

Floating

Question 39

What two structures make a costovertebral joint?

Answer 39

Head and vertebral body

Question 40

The CR is directed --1-- for the oblique image of the sternum.

Answer 40

1-2 inches to the left of the spine

Question 41

The axial os calcis requires a CR angulation of --1-- degrees --2--.

Answer 41

1. 40 degrees | 2. to the long axis of the foot

Question 42

List the three things (equipment operations) that must be done for any exam when there is a film in the bucky.

Answer 42

1. Tube in center 2. Bucky tray slot cover closed/pushed in all the way 3. Tube and bucky lined up