Ch 18 - (Introduction to Organic Chemistry)

Question 1

What is organic chemistry the study of?

Answer 1

scientific study of structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds.

Question 2

What do organic compounds contain?

Answer 2

Carbon

Question 3

What are not included in organic compounds?

Answer 3

• Metal carbonates
• carbon dioxide
• carbon monoxide

Question 4

What is hydrogen carbon?

Answer 4

A compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 5

What are the ways in which organic compound can be displayed?

Answer 5

1. Displayed formula
2. General Formula
3. Structural formula

Question 6

What does displayed formula show?

Answer 6

spatial arrangement of all atoms and bonds in a molecule.

Question 7

What is shown in structural formulas?

Answer 7

• Important bonds are shown (Double n tripple bonds)
• identical groups can be bracketed together
• side groups are shown using brackets

Question 8

What are structural isomers?

Answer 8

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 9

What is molecular formula?

Answer 9

actual number of atoms of each element

Question 10

What is a homologous series?

Answer 10

Family of organic compounds that have similar features and chemical properties due to the same functional group.

Question 11

What is a functional group?

Answer 11

Group of atoms which are bonded in a specific arrangement that is responsible for the characteristic reaction of each member of a homologous series.

Question 12

What are the families?

Answer 12

1. Alkane
2. Alkene
3. Alcohol
4. Carboxylic acid
5. Ester

Question 13

What are the functional groups of families?

Answer 13

1. Alkane (C - C)
2. Alkene (C = C)
3. Alcohol ( - OH)
4. Carboxylic acid ( - COOH)
5. Ester (-COO-)

Question 14

What do the name ends for families?

Answer 14

1. Alkane ( -ane)
2. Alkene ( - ene)
3. Alcohol ( - ol)
4. Carboxylic acid ( - anoic acid)
5. Ester ( - yl -anoate)

Question 15

What does the general formula tell us?

Answer 15

Composition of any member of a whole homologous series or organic compound

Question 16

What is the general formula used to work out?

Answer 16

Formula of a compound from different homologous series if the number of carbon atoms present is known

Question 17

What is the general formula of homologous series?

Answer 17

1. Alkane (CnH2n+2)
2. Alkene (CnH2n)
3. Alcohol (CnH2n+1OH)
4. Carboxylic acid (Cn2n+1COOH)

Question 18

What are general characteristics of homologous series?

Answer 18

• same general formula
• same functional group
• similar chemical properties
• graduation in their physical properties (MP and BP)
• difference in molecular formula

Question 19

What is a saturated compound?

Answer 19

Have molecules in which all carbon bonds are single bonds.

Ex - alkanes (CnH2n+2)

Question 20

What are unsaturated compounds?

Answer 20

Consist of a molecule in which one or more carbon - carbon bonds are not single bonds

Ex - alkenes (CnH2n)

Question 21

What do unsaturated compounds contain?

Answer 21

Carbon - carbon double bonds (C = C)

Question 22

What does double carbon atom bonds mean?

Answer 22

They can make more bonds of atoms by opening up the double C bond, allowing other incoming atoms to form another single bond with each carbon atom

Question 23

What are the 2 parts to naming an organic compound?

Answer 23

• the prefix (or stem)
• end part (or suffix)

Question 24

What does the prefix tell us in the organic compound?

Answer 24

how many carbon atoms are present in the longest continuous chain in the compound.

Question 25

What does the suffix tell us in the organic compound?

Answer 25

what functional group is on the compound.

Question 26

How do u determine the first name of the organic compound?

Answer 26

Meth (1)
Eth (2)
Prop (3)
But (4)
Pent (5)
Hex (6)

Question 27

How do u determine the second name of the organic compound?

Answer 27

1. Alkane (ane)
2. Alkene (ene)
3. Alcohol (anol)
4. Carboxylic acid (anoic acid)
5. Amine (amine)
6. Ester (yl anoate)

Question 28

what happens when there is more than one carbon atom where a functional group can be located?

Answer 28

Distinguish exactly which carbon group the functional group is on.

Question 29

What is the structural formula of the alkanes ?

Answer 29

1. Methane (CH4)
2. Ethane (CH3CH3)
3. Propane (CH3CH2CH3)
4. Butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3)

Question 30

What is the structural formula of the alkenes?

Answer 30

1. Ethene (CH2 =CH2)
2. Propene (CH2 = CHCH3)
3. But - 1 -ene (CH2 = CHCH2CH3)
4. But - 2 - ene (CH3CH = CHCH3)

Question 31

What is the structural formula of the alcohols?

Answer 31

1. Methanol (CH3OH)
2. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
3. Propan - 1 - ol (CH3CH2CH2OH)
4. Propan - 2 - ol (CH3CHOHCH3)
5. Butan - 1 - ol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH)
6. Butan - 2 - ol (CH3CH2CHOHCH3)

Question 32

What is the structural formula of the carboxylic acids ?

Answer 32

1. Methanolic acid (HCOOH)
2. Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
3. Propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH)
4. Butanoic acid (CH3CH2CH2COOH)

Question 33

What is the structural formula of the esters?

Answer 33

1. Ethanol (Propanoic acid)
2. Butanol (Methanoic acid )
3. Pentanol (Ethanoic acid)