Ch 16 Drugs for the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
- Which of the following is NOT a function of the musculoskeletal system?
Storage of minerals
Protection of vital organs
Blood cell production
Temperature regulation
Temperature regulation
The primary functions of the musculoskeletal system are support, protection of vital organs, movement, blood cell production, and storage of minerals.
- The reason for the hardness of bones is that the spaces between bone cells are filled with:
vitamin D.
calcium.
phosphorous.
red blood cells.
calcium.
The reason for the hardness of bones is that the spaces between bone cells are filled with calcium.
- Which of the following is NOT a classification of bone?
Long
Short
Flat
Cranial
Cranial
The four classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular.
- Which of the following are examples of short bones?
Femur, radius, humerus
Carpals, tarsals
Ribs, scapula, skull, sternum
Vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
Carpals, tarsals
Examples of short bones are carpals and tarsals
- In which of the following type of tissue are red blood cells, certain white blood cells, and platelets formed?
Red bone marrow
Yellow bone marrow
White bone marrow
Amber bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Red bone marrow is where red blood cells, certain white blood cells, and platelets.
- Which of the following terms describes a place where two or more bones come together?
Bursa
Fascia
Joint
Foramen
Joint
A joint refers to where two or more bones come together.
- Which of the following types of tissues connect bones to bones at joints?
Bursa
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
Ligaments
Ligaments are dense bands of connective tissue that connect bones to bones at joints such as the elbow joint.
- Which type of muscles work together with bones to allow movement?
Smooth
Visceral
Skeletal
Involuntary
Skeletal
The muscles that work together with bones to allow movement are called skeletal muscles.
- Which of the following types of tissue attach muscles to bone?
Bursa
Fascia
Tendons
Ligaments
Tendons
Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by cords of connective tissue called tendons.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe the normal, slightly contracted state of skeletal muscles that keeps them prepared for action?
Tetany
Hypertrophy
Muscle tone
Contracture
Muscle tone
Muscle tone is the normal, slightly contracted state of skeletal muscles that keeps them prepared for action.
- Which of the following terms describes an abnormal, permanent shortening of a muscle caused by prolonged periods of inactivity?
Atrophy
Hypotrophy
Contracture
Supination
Contracture
The medical term for an abnormal, permanent shortening of a muscle caused by prolonged periods of inactivity is called contracture.
- Which of the following types of injury occurs when a muscle is stretched?
Strain
Sprain
Whiplash
Hyperextension
Strain
A strain is the medical term for a type of injury that occurs when a muscle is stretched.
- Which of the following type of injuries results from tearing a ligament?
Strain
Sprain
Whiplash
Hyperextension
Sprain
The medical term for tearing a ligament is sprain.
- Which of the following terms describes an infection inside a bone?
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
Osteochondroma
Osteomyelitis
The medical term for infection inside a bone is osteomyelitis
- Which of the following terms describes a decrease in total bone mass, a major cause of fractures in postmenopausal women?
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Osteomyelitis
Osteochondroma
Osteoporosis
The medical term for a decrease in total bone mass is osteoporosis. It is the major cause of fractures in postmenopausal women.
- Osteoporosis most commonly occurs in the:
ribs, ankles, and metatarsals.
wrists, hips, and spine.
shoulders, knees, and elbows.
tarsals, carpals, and phalanges.
wrists, hips, and spine.
Osteoporosis most commonly occurs in the wrists, hips, and spine
- Which of the following are most often the cause of the stooped appearance of an older adult?
Fractures of the sternum
Fractures of the scapula
Fractures of the vertebrae
Fractures of the pelvis
Fractures of the vertebrae
Fractures of the vertebrae most often are the cause of the stooped appearance of an older adult.
- Which of the following is NOT a treatment of osteoporosis?
Calcium supplementation
Estrogen
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Vitamin K
The treatment of osteoporosis consists of estrogen, calcium supplements, and a diet rich in calcium. Vitamin D is important to bone and calcium metabolism.
- Which of the following drugs used to treat osteoporosis is taken only once a month?
Fosamax
Actonel
Boniva
Evista
Boniva
Ibandronate (Boniva) is a biphosphate bone growth regulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis that is taken once a month.
- Which of the following terms describes small, fluid-filled pouches that are designed to keep bones, ligaments, and muscles from rubbing against one another?
Bursae
Fascia
Synovial capsule
Tendon sheath
Bursae
The bursae are small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion places where bones and muscles rub together.
- Which of the following terms describes an inflammation of the joints that starts when there is an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream? ‘
Gout
Bursitis
Uremia
Myositis
Gout
Gout is an inflammation of the joints that starts when there is an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream.
- Osteoarthritis is also called:
gouty arthritis.
rheumatoid arthritis.
degenerative joint disease.
osteoporosis.
degenerative joint disease.
Osteoarthritis is also called degenerative joint disease.
- Which of the following structures is most affected by osteoarthritis?
Wrists, hips, and spine
Spine, hips, and knees
Ankles, fingers, and hips
Spine, hips, and ankles
Spine, hips, and knees
Weight-bearing joints such as the spine, hips, and knees are most often affected by osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a progressive disorder that slowly destroys the mobile joints.
- Which of the following is a drug used to treat osteoarthritis?
Aspirin
Calcium supplements
Estrogen
Vitamin D
Aspirin
The drug of choice for osteoarthritis is aspirin. It controls the pain and inflammation.
- Which of the following conditions has symptoms to include pain in the joints, stiffness, fever, inflamed joints that feel warm to the touch, and long-term loss of movement?
Gouty arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Degenerative joint disease
Osteoporosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pain in the joints, stiffness, fever, inflamed joints that feel warm to the touch, and long-term loss of movement are symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Methotrexate is used to treat which condition?
gouty arthritis.
rheumatoid arthritis.
degenerative joint disease.
osteoporosis.
rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis is treated with methotrexate.
- Which of the following terms means muscle pain?
Myelitis
Myositis
Myalgia
Myopathy
Myalgia
The medical term for muscle pain is myalgia.
- Patients with sprains, herniated vertebral discs, or other conditions causing spasms may be prescribed:
aspirin.
corticosteroids.
skeletal muscle relaxants.
anesthetics.
skeletal muscle relaxants.
Skeletal muscle relaxants may be prescribed for patients with sprains, herniated vertebral discs, or other conditions causing spasms.
- Which of the following is a drug that suppresses inflammation in degenerative diseases of the joints?
Antiarthritic
Antispasmotic
Antihyperuricemic
Antipyretic
Antiarthritic
An antiarthritic drug suppresses inflammation in degenerative diseases of the joints
- Which of the following is a drug that controls muscle spasms?
Antiarthritic
Antispasmotic
Antihyperuricemic
Antipyretic
Antispasmotic
An antispasmotic drug controls muscle spasms.
- Which of the following is a drug that reduces formation of uric acid?
Antiarthritic
Antispasmotic
Antihyperuricemic
Antipyretic
Antihyperuricemic
An antihyperuricemic drug reduces formation of uric acid.
- Which of the following terms describes a wasting away of body tissue?
Osteolysis
Atrophy
Osteopenia
Achondroplasia
Atrophy
The medical term for wasting away of body tissue is atrophy.
- Which of the following terms describes a fibrous membrane that supports and covers muscles?
Bursa
Tendon
Fascia
Ligament
Fascia
Fascia is a fibrous membrane that supports and covers muscles.
- Which of the following terms describes an enclosed space between a bone and a joint?
Bursa
Synovial capsule
Tendon sheath
Periosteum
Synovial capsule
The medical term for an enclosed space between a bone and a joint is synovial capsule.
- Which of the following drugs prevents reabsorption and increases excretion of uric acid through the kidneys?
Uricosuric
Diuretic
Uremic
Antipruritic
Uricosuric
A uricosuric drug prevents reabsorption and increases excretion of uric acid through the kidneys.
- Which of the following terms is used to describe failure of the bone marrow to produce enough of all three components of the blood?
Megaloblastic anemia
Hemolytic anemia
Aplastic anemia
Iron-deficiency anemia
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is failure of the bone marrow to produce enough of all three components of the blood.
- Certain antihistamines, tranquilizers, sulfonamides, antineoplastics, antidepressants, and diuretics may produce a serious adverse reaction in the bone marrow termed:
bone marrow atrophy.
bone marrow hypogenesis.
bone marrow depression.
bone marrow neutropenia.
bone marrow depression.
Bone marrow depression is a serious adverse reaction linked to many drugs, especially certain antihistamines, tranquilizers, sulfonamides, antineoplastics, antidepressants, and diuretics.
- A patient who presents with symptoms to include weakness, pale skin, dyspnea, fever, chills, and bleeding from the gums may have:
bone marrow atrophy.
bone marrow hypogenesis.
bone marrow depression.
bone marrow neutropenia.
bone marrow depression.
Bone marrow depression is a serious adverse reaction linked to many drugs; symptoms may include weakness, pale skin, dyspnea, fever, chills, and bleeding from the gums.
- Which of the following is NOT a guideline to follow when caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders?
When moving patients, do it slowly and support their body parts.
After moving a patient, reposition body parts at the point of greatest range of motion to improve muscle tone.
Give pain medications on time so patients do not have to endure unnecessary pain.
Attend to psychological needs. Allow patients to “talk out” their feelings.
After moving a patient, reposition body parts at the point of greatest range of motion to improve muscle tone.
After moving a patient, reposition body parts in their natural alignment to reduce strain on joints and muscles.
- Which of the following adverse reactions of aspirin limits its use in treating musculoskeletal conditions?
Sepsis
Weight gain
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Urinary tract infections
Gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding is an adverse reaction that limits the use of aspirin in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions.
41. Ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib are examples of: anti-inflammatory drugs. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. muscle relaxants. antihyperuricemics.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib are examples of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- The skeleton is made up of _______ bones.
106
206
306
406
206
The skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
- Which of the following is stored in yellow bone marrow?
Calcium
itamin D
Fat
Osteoclasts
Fat
Fat is stored in yellow bone marrow.
- Which of the following type of tissue lines every joint and gives shape to the ears and nose?
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone
Cartilage
Synovial
Cartilage
Cartilage lines every joint and gives shape to the ears and nose.
- Bones form the body’s supporting _____________. Without this support, the body would be unable to move and collapse.
framework
Explanation: Bones form the body’s supporting framework.
- The bones and their connecting joints act like a series of levers. The muscles exert force on these levers, and the result is ______________.
movement
Explanation: The bones and their connecting joints act like a series of levers. The muscles exert force on these levers, and the result is movement.
- Collagen makes up the ___________ portion of bone, while calcium and phosphate make up the ___________ portions of bone.
organic; inorganic
Explanation: Collagen makes up the organic portion of bone, while calcium and phosphate make up the inorganic portions of bone.
- The reason for the hardness of bone is that the spaces between bone cells are filled with ___________.
calcium
Explanation:
Calcium is the reason for the hardness of bone. It fills the spaces between bone cells.
- The skeleton is made up of ________ bones.
206
Explanation: There are 206 bones in the skeleton.
- Bones are classified by shape. The four classifications of bone are ____________, ______________, _______________, and _______.
long; short; flat; irregular (in any order)
Explanation: Bones are classified by shape. The four classifications of bones are long, short, flat, and irregular.
- The femur, radius, and humerus are __________ bones.
long
Explanation: Long bones include the femur, radius, and humerus.
- The carpals and tarsals are __________ bones.
short
Explanation: Examples of short bones are the carpals and tarsals.
- The ribs, scapula, skull, and sternum are classified as ___________ bones.
flat
Explanation: Examples of flat bones include the ribs, scapula, skull, and sternum.
- The vertebrae, sacrum, and mandible are _____________ bones.
irregular
Explanation: Examples of irregular bones are the vertebrae, sacrum, and mandible.
- Inside most bones is a spongy type of tissue called _______________.
bone marrow
Explanation: Bone marrow, a spongy type of tissue, is inside most bones.
- Red bone marrow manufactures the three formed elements of the blood: all the ___________ blood cells, certain __________ blood cells, and all the _____________.
red; white; platelets
Explanation: The three formed elements of blood are the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells, certain white blood cells, and all of the platelets are manufactured in the red bone marrow.
- Yellow bone marrow is a storage area for ________________.
Fat
Explanation: Fat is stored in the yellow bone marrow.
- _______________ is a rigid connective tissue that both provides support and allows joint movement.
Cartilage
Explanation: Cartilage is a rigid connective tissue that both provides support and allows joint movement.
- The place where two or more bones come together is a(n) ___________.
joint
Explanation: A joint is the place where two or more bones come together.
- The primary function of a joint is to allow ______________ and ____________ in the body.
movement; flexibility
Explanation: The primary function of a joint is to allow movement and flexibility in the body.
- Dense bands of connective tissue that connect bones to bones at the joints are called ______________.
ligaments
Explanation: Ligaments are dense bands of connective tissue that connect bones to bones at the joints.
- The muscles that work together with bones to allow movements are called ___________ muscles.
skeletal
Explanation: Skeletal muscles are muscles that work together with bones to allow body movement.
- Skeletal muscles are made up of long, thin muscle fibers bundled together with sheets of connective tissue called ____________.
fascia
Explanation: Fasciae are fibrous membranes that support and cover muscles.
- Muscles are richly supplied with __________ because they need great quantities of oxygen to generate the energy needed for their heavy work.
blood
Explanation: Muscles are richly supplied with blood because they need great quantities of oxygen to generate the energy needed for their heavy work.
- Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones by cords of connective tissue called _________.
tendons
Explanation: Tendons are connective tissue fibers that form cords and connect muscles to bones.
- Muscles that are well exercised are always slightly contracted so that they will be ready for action as needed. This is referred to as ________ ________.
muscle tone
Explanation: Muscle tone is a normal, slightly contracted state of skeletal muscles that keeps them prepared for action.
- If muscles are not used for a long period of time, as in the case of bed rest, they become wasted and _______________.
atrophy
Explanation: Atrophy is wasting away of body tissue.
- Muscles and bones are subject to various injuries. When a muscle is stretched, a(n) ___________ occurs.
strain
Explanation: Strains occur when a muscle is stretched.
- Sprains result from tearing of a(n) _______________.
ligament
Explanation: Sprains result from the tearing of a ligament.
- ___________________ is an infection inside a bone.
Osteomyelitis
Explanation: Osteomyelitis is an infection inside a bone.
- __________________ is a decrease in bone mass.
Osteoporosis
Explanation: Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone mass.
- Osteoporosis is a major cause of _______________ in postmenopausal women.
fractures
Explanation: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures in postmenopausal women.
- Wedging and fractures of the ____________ cause a gradual loss of height and a humped back, and are often the cause of a stooped appearance of older adults.
vertebrae
Explanation: Wedging and fractures of the vertebrae cause a gradual loss of height and a humped back, and are often the cause of a stooped appearance of older adults.
- Treatment of osteoporosis consists of the hormone _______________ and a diet rich in ___________.
estrogen, calcium
Explanation: Treatment of osteoporosis consists of the hormone estrogen and a diet rich in calcium.
- Boniva is the first bisphosphonate bone growth regulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis that is taken only once a(n) ___________.
month
Explanation: Boniva is the first bisphosphonate bone growth regulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis that is taken only once a month.
- Myositis is an inflammation of the ____________.
muscles
Explanation: Myositis is an inflammation of the muscles.
- __________ is an inflammation of the joints that starts when there is an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream.
Gout
Explanation: Gout is an inflammation of the joints that starts when there is an excess of uric acid in the bloodstream.
- Patients being treated for gout must drink large amounts of fluids to help wash away the uric acid crystals. ____________ glasses of water a day are recommended.
Eight
Explanation: Patients being treated for gout must drink eight glasses of water a day to help wash away the uric acid crystals.
- Osteoarthritis is also called _____________________ joint disease.
degenerative
Explanation: Another name for osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis is a progressive disorder that destroys the mobile joints.
- Osteoarthritis mainly affects the _________-__________ joints such as the spine, hips, and knees. weight, bearing
Explanation: Osteoarthritis mainly affects the weight-bearing joints such as the spine, hips, and knees.
weight, bearing
Explanation: Osteoarthritis mainly affects the weight-bearing joints such as the spine, hips, and knees.
- _____________________ drugs, which suppress inflammation in the joints, are commonly used in the treatment of arthritis.
Antiarthritic
Explanation: Antiarthritic drugs are used in the treatment of arthritis. They act by suppressing inflammation in the joints.
- The drug of choice for treating osteoarthritis is _______________.
aspirin
Explanation: The drug of choice for treating osteoarthritis is aspirin.
- ________________ arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the mobile joints.
Rheumatoid
Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the mobile joints.
- Methotrexate is the drug of choice for moderate to severe _______________ arthritis.
rheumatoid
Explanation: The drug of choice to treat moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis is methotrexate.
- The term __________ is used to describe pain in the skeletal muscles.
myalgia
Explanation: Myalgia is the medical term for muscle pain.
- Skeletal muscle relaxants may be prescribed for conditions causing muscle ___________.
spasms
Explanation: Muscle spasms may be treated with skeletal muscle relaxants.
- Failure of the bone marrow to produce enough of all three components of the blood is called _________________.
aplastic anemia
Explanation: Aplastic anemia is the failure of the bone marrow to produce enough of all three components of the blood (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).
- Overproduction of white blood cells is called ______________.
leukemia
Explanation: Leukemia is the overproduction of white blood cells.
- A disorder of the blood-forming tissue indicated by a lack of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets is termed ______ ______ _______.
bone marrow depression
Explanation: Bone marrow depression is a disorder of the blood-forming tissue that produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
- Weakness, pale skin (pallor), and dyspnea are all symptoms that can be caused by a lack of ______________ blood cells.
red
Explanation: A lack of red blood cells causes weakness, pallor, and dyspnea.
- Agranulocytosis, soreness of mucous membranes in the mouth and throat, fever, chills, and extreme fatigue are symptoms that can be caused by a lack of ____________ blood cells.
white
Explanation: A lack of white blood cells may cause agranulocytosis, soreness of mucous membranes in the mouth and throat, fever, chills, and extreme fatigue.
- Bleeding from the gums, nose, or gastrointestinal tract, and signs of hemorrhage under the skin such as purpura, petechiae, and ecchymoses are symptoms that can be caused by a lack of ________________.
platelets
Explanation: A lack of platelets can cause bleeding from the gums, nose, or gastrointestinal tract; and signs of hemorrhage under the skin such as purpura, petechiae, and ecchymoses.
- Patients with musculoskeletal disorders must live with ______________. Sometimes every movement causes discomfort.
pain
Explanation: Patients with musculoskeletal disorders live with pain. Every movement may cause them pain.
- When caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders, give pain medication on ______________. This ensures that patients do not have to endure unnecessary discomfort while waiting for their next dose of medication.
time
Explanation: It is essential when caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders to give pain medication on time.
- When caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders, if you need to move the patients for any reason, do it slowly and _____________ their body parts.
support
Explanation: An important principle when caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders is to move patients slowly and support their body parts.
- When caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders, attend to their __________________ needs. Be calm and reassuring. Help patients “talk out” the depression and frustration that may come with constant pain.
psychological
Explanation: When caring for patients with musculoskeletal disorders, attend to their psychological needs. Be calm and reassuring. Help patients “talk out” the depression and frustration that may come with constant pain.
- A side effect of aspirin therapy for musculoskeletal disorders is gastrointestinal ______________. This may be avoided by giving oral forms with food, milk, or a full glass of water.
bleeding
Explanation: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a side effect of aspirin given for musculoskeletal disorders. This may be avoided by giving oral forms with food, milk, or a full glass of water.
- Ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib are examples of __________ ________ drugs.
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
Explanation: Examples of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories include ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.
- An inflammation of the synovial capsule is known as _______________.
synovitis
Explanation: Synovitis is an inflammation of the synovial capsule, the cavity surrounding a joint.
