Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Administering Medications > Ch 13 Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance > Flashcards

Ch 13 Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Excretion of waste products
Production of adrenalin in response to stress Regulation of the amount of water
Regulation of the pH balance

A

Production of adrenalin in response to stress

The functions of the urinary system include excretion of wastes, regulation of the amount of water, and regulation of the pH balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the functional unit of the kidney?

Cortex
Pelvis
Nephron
Collecting tubules

A

Nephron

The medical term for the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. The ureter, the bladder, and the urethra are collectively termed the organs of:

urination.
micturition.
elimination.
collection.

A

elimination.

The organs of elimination are the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true?

Urine contains 85 percent water and 15 percent solutes.
Urine contains 75 percent water and 25 percent solutes.
Urine contains 50 percent water and 50 percent solutes.
Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes.

A

Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes.

Urine contains 95 percent water and 5 percent solutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. The walls of the bladder in healthy adults are able to hold _________ mL of urine.

400
500
600
700

A

600

The walls of the bladder in healthy adults are able to stretch and hold as much as 600 mL of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. In the male, the urethra is shared by the ______________ and _____________ systems.

urinary;endocrine
endocrine; reproductive
reproductive; urinary
urinary; circulatory

A

reproductive; urinary

The reproductive and urinary systems share the male urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Normally, urine is amber- or straw-colored, and clear. When allowed to stand for a period of time, urine becomes:

pale.
cloudy.
bright yellow.
brown.

A

cloudy.

When urine is allowed to stand, it becomes cloudy. Normally, it is straw-colored and clear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. In a 24-hour period, the kidneys normally produce ___________ to __________ mL of urine.

250; 500
600; 750
1000; 1250
1500; 2000

A

1500; 2000

The kidneys produce 1500 to 2000 mL of urine in a 24-hour period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. The bladder voids approximately ________ mL at a time.

50
100
250
600

A

250

The bladder normally voids approximately 250 mL of urine at one time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the act of urination?

Voiding
Filtration
Incontinence
Irrigation

A

Voiding

The medical term for urination is voiding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the passing of a rubber or plastic tube through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty?

Irrigation
Dialysis
Catheterization
Cystoscopy

A

Catheterization

Catheterization of the bladder involves passing a rubber or plastic tube, the catheter, through the urethra into the bladder. The catheter allows the bladder to empty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Which of the following terms means blood in the urine?

Hematuria
Dysuria
Pyuria
Oliguria

A

Hematuria

The medical term for blood in the urine is hematuria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Which of the following terms means pus in the urine?

Hematuria
Dysuria
Pyuria
Oliguria

A

Pyuria

The medical term for pus in the urine is pyuria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Which of the following procedures uses a radiopaque dye and x-rays to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder?

KUB
Intravenous pyelogram
Cystoscopy
Urinalysis

A

Intravenous pyelogram

An intravenous pyelogram uses a radiopaque dye and x-rays to visualize the kidneys, renal, pelvis, ureters, and bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. Which of the following diseases may be indicated by the presence of glucose in the urine?

Renal disease
Infection
Diabetes mellitus
Dehydration

A

Infection

Diabetes mellitus is the disease that may cause blood in the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions may be indicated by the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine?

Renal disease
Infection
Diabetes mellitus
Dehydration

A

Infection

WBCs in the urine may indicate an infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. Which of the following may be found upon urinalysis if the patient has experienced trauma to the urinary system?

pH 8.0
Red blood cells (RBCs)
White blood cells (WBCs)
Protein

A

Red blood cells (RBCs)

A patient may have RBCs in the urinalysis if he or she has experienced trauma to the urinary system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
18. Which of the following conditions may be indicated by a high specific gravity? 
Renal disease 
Infection 
Diabetes mellitus 
Dehydration
A

Dehydration

Dehydration may be indicated by a high specific gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the inability to completely empty the bladder?

Anuria
Incontinence
Retention
Oliguria

A

Retention

Retention is the inability to urinate even though urine is present in the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes urine remaining in the bladder after voiding?

Symphysis pubis
Residual urine
Oliguria
Dysuria

A

Residual urine

Urine remaining in the bladder after voiding is called residual urine. It is generally volumes of 100 mL or more.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the inability to control urination?

Anuria
Incontinence
Retention
Oliguria

A

Incontinence

Incontinence is the inability to control urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes having to urinate very often?

Oliguria
Frequency
Urgency
Incontinence

A

Frequency

Frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than usual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes feeling a great urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty?

Oliguria
Frequency
Urgency
Incontinence

A

Urgency

Urgency refers to feeling the need to urinate immediately.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes difficult or painful urination?

Dialysis
Dysuria
Cystitis
Pyuria

A

Dysuria

The medical term for painful urination is dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period?

Oliguria
Anuria
Dysuria
Nocturia

A

Oliguria

Oliguria is the medical term for decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes urine production measuring less than 100 mL in 24 hours?

Oliguria
Anuria
Dysuria
Nocturia

A

Anuria

The medical term for no measurable production of urine, or less than 100 mL in 24 hours, is anuria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions could be treated using lithotripsy?
Cystitis 
Pyelonephritis 
Kidney stones 
Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones may be treated by using a lithotripsy, which crushes kidney stones.
A

Kidney stones

Kidney stones may be treated by using a lithotripsy, which crushes kidney stones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  1. Women should be instructed to wipe from front to back to prevent which of the following conditions?

Ureteritis
Kidney stones
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Alkalosis

A

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Instruct a female patient to wipe from front to back to avoid contaminating the urinary tract with stool. This prevents UTIs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes an infection of the kidneys?

Nephritis
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
Urethritis

A

Pyelonephritis

The medical term for kidney infection is pyelonephritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes a condition that is caused by uncontrolled contraction or overactivity of the detrusor muscle?

Urge incontinence
Cystitis
Frequency
Urgency

A

Urge incontinence

Urge incontinence or overactive bladder is a condition caused by uncontrolled contractions or overactivity of the detrusor muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the severe impairment or total lack of kidney function?

Azotemia
Anuria
Pyelonephritis
Renal failure

A

Renal failure

The severe impairment or total lack of kidney function is called renal failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes a procedure used to provide direct visualization of the interior of the bladder?

Renal arteriogram
Renal biopsy
Cystoscopy
IVP

A

Cystoscopy

A cystoscopy is used to provide direct visualization of the interior of the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood secondary to renal failure?

Azotemia
Hyponatremia
Alkalosis
Acidosis

A

Azotemia

Azotemia is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes a technique that moves substances from the blood through a semipermeable membrane that is used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products in case of kidney failure?

Catheterization
Dialysis
Cystoscopy
Lithotripsy

A

Dialysis

Dialysis is a technique that moves substances from the blood through a semipermeable membrane that is used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products in case of kidney failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q
  1. A kidney that does not work properly fails to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs accumulate in the body with each dose; therefore, the patient must be watched closely for drug ______________whenever there is suspected problems with the kidneys.

side effects
antagonism
adverse reactions
toxicity

A

toxicity

A kidney that does not work properly fails to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs accumulate in the body with each dose; therefore, the patient must be watched for closely for drug toxicity whenever there is suspected problems with the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  1. Which of the following describes the percentage of water in the body of an average adult?

20-30 percent
40-50 percent
50-60 percent
70-80 percent

A

50-60 percent

The body of an average adult contains 50-60 percent water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
  1. When the kidneys are diseased, the body may not be able to maintain a balance between intake and output, and it is sometimes necessary to keep track of the intake and output of:

medications.
foods.
fluids.
electrolytes.

A

fluids.

When the kidneys are diseased, the body may not be able to maintain a balance between intake and output, and it is sometimes necessary to keep track of fluid intake and output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues?

Edema
Cystitis
Diaphoresis
Irrigation

A

Edema

The abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues is called edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes excessive loss of water from the tissues?

Oliguria
Acidosis
Dehydration
Urgency

A

Dehydration

Dehydration results from an excessive loss of water from the tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q
  1. Which of the following may be prescribed for a vomiting patient who loses too much water?

Diuretics
IV fluids
Benadryl S
odium bicarbonate

A

IV fluids

Vomiting patients who lose too much water may need IV fluids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
  1. Which of the following may be prescribed for a patient with edema to make the kidneys excrete more urine?

Diuretics
IV fluids
Benadryl
Sodium bicarbonate

A

Diuretics

A diuretic may be prescribed for a patient with edema to make the kidneys excrete more urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q
  1. Which of the following describes a scale for measuring acidity and alkalinity of fluid?

pH
ABO
Metric
Kelvin

A

pH

pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes a pH of less than 7.0?

Alkalosis
Acidosis
Homeostasis
Dehydration

A

Acidosis

A condition in which there is an excess proportion of acid in the blood is known as acidosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q
  1. Which of the following may be a side effect of medications given for urinary tract infections?

Hypertension
Pyuria
Urine discoloration
Dysuria

A

Urine discoloration

A side effect of a medication may cause the urine to discolor the urine and stain clothing. It is important to tell patients it is normal and no reason for concern. Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) is a urinary analgesic that may discolor the urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q
  1. Which of the following is a side effect of some thiazides?

Potassium loss
Calcium loss
Magnesium loss
Iron loss

A

Potassium loss

Thiazides act primarily by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubules of the nephron. When the increased sodium is present in digital tubules, there is a corresponding increase in potassium excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q
  1. Which of the following is a side effect of too low a level of potassium resulting in fatigue, muscle weakness, and cardiac changes such as disturbances in the electrical impulses that stimulate the heartbeat?

Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia

A

Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia or low potassium is a side effect of diuretic therapy. Other side effects are fatigue, muscle weakness, and cardiac changes such as disturbances in the electrical impulses that stimulate the heartbeat.

47
Q
  1. Which of the following can be replaced by eating a diet rich in potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium?

Fluids
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Vitamins

A

Electrolytes

Electrolytes may be replaced by eating a diet rich in potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium.

48
Q
  1. Which of the following conditions may have symptoms that include swollen arms and legs and, possibly, a swollen abdomen?

Hypokalemia
Edema
Anemia
Nephritis

A

Edema

Edema may have symptoms that include swollen arms and legs and, possibly, a swollen abdomen. Edema is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the interstitial space of tissues.

49
Q
  1. Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, Ricelyte, and Resol are used in which of the following types of therapies?

Oral rehydration therapy
IV rehydration therapy
Parenteral rehydration therapy
Percutaneous rehydration therapy

A

Oral rehydration therapy

Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, Ricelyte, and Resol are the most frequently used solutions for oral rehydration.

50
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the management of pediatric dehydration?

Avoid a clear liquid intake.
Avoid beverages containing caffeine.
Avoid broths.
Avoid low-sodium, water, breast milk, and half-strength or lactose-free formulas.

A

Avoid low-sodium, water, breast milk, and half-strength or lactose-free formulas.

To correctly manage pediatric dehydration, the patient should be educated to avoid clear liquid intake. These fluids have high carbohydrate content but are very low in electrolytes. Avoid beverages containing caffeine because caffeine has a diuretic effect. Avoid broths because they are high in sodium and have adequate carbohydrate content.

51
Q
  1. Protein in the urine may be an indication of which of the following?

Renal disease
Infection
Diabetes
Trauma

A

Renal disease

Protein in the urine when performing a urinalysis may indicate renal disease.

52
Q
  1. Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice for which of the following conditions?

Pyelonephritis
Overactive bladder
Urinary tract infection
Edema

A

Overactive bladder

Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice in the treatment of an overactive bladder.

53
Q
  1. Which of the following imbalances may occur secondary to kidney malfunction, improper diets, or unusual physical activity?
Fluid-electrolyte 
Acid-base 
Input-output 
Hypotension-hypertension
.
A

Fluid-electrolyte

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance may occur secondary to kidney malfunction, improper diets, or unusual physical activity

54
Q
  1. Slow-K and calcium gluconate are examples of which of the following?

Antibiotics
Diuretics
Replacement electrolytes
Antiseptics

A

Replacement electrolytes

Slow-K and calcium gluconate are examples of replacement electrolytes.

55
Q
  1. Furosemide (Lasix) is an example of which of the following?

Antiseptic
Diuretic
Replacement electrolyte
Acidifier

A

Diuretic

Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic.

56
Q
  1. Sodium chloride and dextrose solutions are examples of which of the following?

Replacement fluids
Diuretics
Urinary antiseptics
Alkalizers

A

Replacement fluids

Dextrose solutions and sodium chloride are examples of replacement fluids.

57
Q
  1. Nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse are signs of which of the following conditions?

Electrolyte imbalance
Kidney disease
Diabetes
Acid/base imbalance

A

Electrolyte imbalance

Nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, and an irregular pulse are signs of electrolyte imbalance.

58
Q
  1. The washing out of a structure with a solution is termed _______________.
A

irrigation

Explanation: Irrigation is the term for flushing out with a solution.

59
Q
  1. The main waste product contained in urine is ___________.
A

urea

Explanation: Urea is the main waste product in urine.

60
Q
  1. ___________________ is a state of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment, as with body fluids.
A

Homeostasis

Explanation: Homeostasis is the state of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment, as with body fluids.

61
Q
  1. The three main functions of the urinary system are excreting, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating __________ balance.
A

pH

Explanation: The three main functions of the urinary system are excreting, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating pH balance.

62
Q
  1. The functional unit of the kidney is the _____________.
A

nephron

Explanation: The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

63
Q
  1. The three main functions of the urinary system are carried out through the process of _____________ the blood.
A

filtering

Explanation: The three main functions of the urinary system are carried out through the process of filtering the blood.

64
Q
  1. The fluid that is formed in the kidneys and flows through the ureters to the bladder is __________.
A

urine

Explanation: Urine is the fluid formed in the kidneys that flows through the ureters to the bladder.

65
Q
  1. The muscular walls of the bladder are able to stretch out and hold as much as _______ mL of urine.
A

600

Explanation: The muscular walls of the bladder are able to stretch out and hold as much as 600 mL of urine.

66
Q
  1. When the bladder contains about 250 mL of urine, nerve endings signal and create the need to urinate or _________.
A

void

Explanation: Voiding is the act of urination. This usually happens when the bladder contains about 250 mL of urine.

67
Q
  1. During urination, urine passes out of the body by way of the _____________.
A

urethra

Explanation: The urethra is the tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body. Urine passes through the urethra during urination.

68
Q
  1. The male urethra is shared by the urinary and ________________ systems.
A

reproductive

Explanation: The male urethra is shared by the urinary and reproductive systems.

69
Q
  1. Urine is 90 to 95 percent ___________ and 5 to 10 percent _________ products.
A

water, waste

Explanation: Urine is 90 to 95 percent water and 5 to 10 percent waste products.

70
Q
  1. The bladder voids approximately ________ mL of urine at a time.
A

250

Explanation: The bladder voids approximately 250 mL of urine at a time.

71
Q
  1. The kidneys produce about __________ to ______ mL of urine in a 24-hour period.
A

1500; 2000

Explanation: The kidneys produce about 1500 to 2000 mL of urine in a 24-hour period.

72
Q
  1. Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to possible renal disease or _____________.
A

infection

Explanation: Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to possible renal disease or infection.

73
Q
  1. When patients cannot empty the bladder on their own, a(n) ____________ may be passed through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty.
A

catheter

Explanation: When patients cannot empty the bladder on their own, a catheter may be passed through the urethra into the bladder to allow the bladder to empty.

74
Q
  1. Blood in the urine is termed _____________.
A

hematuria

Explanation: The medical term for blood in the urine is hematuria.

75
Q
  1. Pus is the urine is termed _____________.
A

pyuria

Explanation: The medical term for pus in the urine is pyuria.

76
Q
  1. An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) uses a radiopaque ___________ to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.
A

dye

Explanation: An IVP uses a radiopaque dye to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder.

77
Q
  1. Diabetes mellitus may be suspected if the patient presents with __________ in the urine upon urinalysis.
A

glucose

Explanation: Diabetes mellitus may be suspected if the patient presents with glucose in the urine. Glucose in the urine is not normal.

78
Q
  1. If more than 8 WBCs are found when doing a urinalysis, the physician may suspect that the patient has a(n) _______________.
A

infection

Explanation: The normal value for WBCs in the urine is 0 to 8.0. A result greater than 8.0 may indicate an infection.

79
Q
  1. The test that provides direct visualization of the bladder through a flexible scope is ________________.
A

cystoscopy

Explanation: Direct visualization of the bladder through a flexible scope is called a cystoscopy.

80
Q
  1. Inability to completely empty the bladder is called _____________.
A

retention

Explanation: Retention is the inability to completely empty the bladder even though urine is in the bladder.

81
Q
  1. Urine remaining in the bladder after voiding (volumes of 100 mL or more) is called _____________________.
A

residual urine

Explanation: Residual urine is urine remaining in the bladder after voiding (volumes of 100 mL or more).

82
Q
  1. Inability to control urination is known as _________________.
A

incontinence

Explanation: The inability to control urination is called incontinence.

83
Q
  1. Having to urinate very often is termed _______________.
A

frequency

Explanation: Frequency refers to the need to urinate more often than normal.

84
Q
  1. Difficult or painful urination is termed _____________.
A

dysuria

Explanation: The medical term for difficult or painful urination is called dysuria.

85
Q
  1. A decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-hour period is termed ____________.
A

oliguria

Explanation: A decreased urine output of 100 to 400 mL in a 24-period is called oliguria.

86
Q
  1. Urine output of less than 100 mL in 24 hours is termed ____________.
A

anuria

Explanation: The medical term for a urine output of less than 100 mL in 24 hours is anuria.

87
Q
  1. A patient may have to undergo lithotripsy if he or she develops kidney _________.
A

stones

Explanation: A procedure known as lithotripsy may be used to crush kidney stones.

88
Q
  1. Inflammation of the bladder is termed _______________.
A

cystitis

Explanation: Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection.

89
Q
  1. Urge incontinence is also called _______________________.
A

overactive bladder

Explanation: Urge incontinence is also called overactive bladder. It is caused by uncontrolled contraction or overactivity of the detrusor muscle.

90
Q
  1. Patients with renal failure often undergo ________________ which is a technique used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products.
A

dialysis

Explanation: Dialysis is a technique used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and remove waste products in the case of renal failure.

91
Q
  1. A patient with impaired renal function should be watched closely for signs of drug _________, because kidneys that do not work properly fail to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs build up (accumulate) in the body with each dose.
A

toxicity

Explanation: A patient with impaired renal function should be watched closely for signs of drug toxicity, because kidneys that do not work properly fail to eliminate drugs as expected, and the drugs build up (accumulate) in the body with each dose.

92
Q
  1. The body of an average adult ranges from _________ to _________ percent water.
A

50; 60

Explanation: The body of an average adult ranges from 50 to 60 percent water.

93
Q
  1. If water taken in by the body exceeds water lost, an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues, or ___________, occurs.
A

edema

Explanation: The accumulation of fluids in the interstitial spaces of the tissues is called edema.

94
Q
  1. An excessive loss of water from the tissues is termed ________________.
A

dehydration

Explanation: Excessive loss of water from the tissues is called dehydration.

95
Q
  1. A patient with edema may need a(n) ___________ to make the kidneys excrete more fluid.
A

diuretic

Explanation: A patient with edema may need a diuretic, a drug that reduces the body’s fluid volume by stimulating urine flow.

96
Q
  1. Electrically charged particles that carry chemicals through the body fluids are termed _____________.
A

electrolytes

Explanation: An electrolyte is a substance that has the ability to carry an electrical charge.

97
Q
  1. The concentration of hydrogen ions in a body fluid is called the ______ value.
A

pH

Explanation: pH is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

98
Q
  1. Normal pH is 7.0. A pH below 7.0 is ___________.
A

acidic

Explanation: An acid is a substance with a low pH (below pH 7.0), the opposite of a base or alkali.

99
Q
  1. Penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides are used to treat urinary tract ___________.
A

infections

Explanation: Penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides are used to treat urinary tract infections.

100
Q

100.Patients taking Pyridium, an analgesic given to relive the low back pain that accompanies a UTI, should be warned that their urine may become __________.

A

orange

Explanation: Instruct patients taking phenazopyridine (Pyridium), an analgesic given to relieve low back pain that accompanies a UTI, that the urine will turn orange. This discoloration is normal.

101
Q

101.Patients on some diuretic therapies may lose not only excess water from the body but also ________________, resulting in hypokalemia.

A

potassium

Explanation: Hypokalemia is low blood potassium level, less than 3.5 mEq/L. It may result from taking some diuretics and losing excess water from the body.

102
Q

102.When a patient is unable to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, they are replaced through oral supplements or ___________ therapy using infusions such as dextrose 5% solution.

A

intravenous (IV)

Explanation: When a patient is unable to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, they are replaced through oral supplements or intravenous (IV) therapy using infusions such as dextrose 5% solution.

103
Q

103.The administration of diuretics must be timed to avoid _______________ urination or excessive voiding at night.

A

nocturnal

Explanation: The administration of diuretics must be timed to avoid keeping the patient up at night going to the bathroom.

104
Q

104.A patient with symptoms that include nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and irregular pulse may be experiencing hypokalemia or low _____________ level.

A

potassium

Explanation: Symptoms of hypokalemia or low potassium may include nausea, thirst, fatigue, dry mouth, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, and irregular pulse.

105
Q

105.Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, and Ricelyte are the most frequently used solutions for _______ rehydration.

A

oral

Explanation: Nutrient-based solutions such as Pedialyte, Lytren, and Ricelyte are the most frequently used solutions for oral rehydration.

106
Q

106.A bladder ________________, including instillation of an antiseptic or antibiotic solution, may be ordered to wash out the bladder of a patient with a severe bladder infection.

A

irrigation

Explanation: Bladder irrigation, including instillation of an antiseptic or antibiotic solution, may be ordered to wash out the bladder of a patient with a severe bladder infection.

107
Q

107.It is essential to assess the patient’s medication history for medication that can cause urinary retention because that could result in urinary stasis, leading to urinary _______________.

A

infections

Explanation: It is essential to assess the patient’s medication history for medication that can cause urinary retention because that could result in urinary stasis, leading to urinary infections.

108
Q

108.A patient exhibiting anuria may be diagnosed as having ______________ ______________.

A

kidney disease

Explanation: A patient that has anuria (less than 100 mL in 24 hours) may have kidney disease.

109
Q

109.Bladder infections are frequently accompanied by _____________________ or _____________________ on urination.

A

pain; burning

Explanation: Bladder infections are frequently accompanied by pain or burning sensation on urination.

110
Q

110.Tolterodine (Detrol) is the drug of choice for _____________ ________________.

A

overactive bladder

Explanation: The drug of choice for overactive bladder is tolterodine (Detrol). It works as a muscarine receptor antagonist in the bladder to cause increased bladder control.

111
Q

111.The acronym CAPD stands for _____________ ___________ __________ ________.

A

continuous; ambulatory; peritoneal; dialysis

Explanation: The acronym CAPD stands for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis involves the clearing of waste products by means of fluid exchanges across the abdominal lining, the peritoneum. It frees the patient from sitting for hours attached to a machine.

112
Q

112.When the kidneys do not receive enough blood, as in the case of congestive heart failure, ____________________ occurs.

A

edema

Explanation: When the kidneys do not receive enough blood, as in the case of congestive heart failure, edema occurs. Diseases in other parts of the body may slow the work of the kidneys, even though the kidneys themselves are not damaged.

113
Q

113.A(n) __________________________ may be given if a drug works best in an alkaline pH.

A

alkalizer

Explanation: Alkalizers and acidfiers are given to help drugs produce their strongest effect. An alkaline pH may be needed if a drug works best in an alkaline pH. For example, sodium bicarbonate (an alkalizer) is given with certain sulfonamides that work best in an alkaline pH.

114
Q

114.When acid urine is needed to enhance the action of a drug, _______________________ or ____________________________ may be given.

A

cranberry juice; ascorbic acid

Explanation: Acidfiers such as cranberry juice or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may be given to increase an acid pH in the urine and enhance the action of certain drugs.

Administering Medications (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions