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Administering Medications > CH 15 Drugs for the Endocrine System > Flashcards

CH 15 Drugs for the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The main regulators of metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, energy production, and immunity are:

minerals.
vitamins.
hormones.
nutrients.

A

hormones.

The main regulators of metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, energy production, and immunity are hormones

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following is the gland at the base of the brain, known as the master gland?

Thyroid
Adrenal
Pituitary
Thymus

A

Pituitary

The gland at the base of the brain is known as the pituitary or master gland.

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe a condition that results from the overproduction of growth hormone in an adult?

Acromegaly
Gigantism
Hypergenesis
Osteopathy

A

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a condition that results from the overproduction of growth hormone in an adult.

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following glands is (are) NOT controlled by the pituitary?

Sex glands
Parathyroid glands
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands

A

Parathyroid glands

The pituitary hormones control the secretions of the sex glands, the thyroid gland, and the adrenal glands.

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following glands is wrapped around the trachea, just below the larynx?

Adrenal
Thymus
Pineal
Thyroid

A

Thyroid

The thyroid gland is wrapped around the trachea, just below the larynx.

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following is the major function of the thyroid gland?

Control metabolism
Regulate blood calcium levels
Secrete epinephrine in response to an emergency Store excess sugar in the liver

A

Control metabolism

The major function of the thyroid gland is to control metabolism.

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following symptoms is NOT caused by hyperthyroidism?

Feeling of warmth
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Increase in respiration

A

Fatigue

When the thyroid produces extra thyroxine and triiodothyronine (hyperthyroidism), the metabolic rate is increased and there is an increase in temperature, respiration, heart rate, nervous and muscular activity, and a feeling of warmth.

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8
Q
  1. An intolerance to cold, personality changes, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, slow speech, and weight gain may be symptoms of:

diabetes mellitus.
hypothyroidism.
Cushing’s syndrome.
Addison’s disease.

A

hypothyroidism.

Signs of hypothyroidism include intolerance to cold, personality changes, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, slow speech, and weight gain.

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following is necessary for adequate production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine?

Calcium
Iodine
Sodium
Iron

A

Iodine

Iodine is necessary for adequate production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid.

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10
Q
  1. The availability of iodized _________________ helps people consume enough iodine to fulfill the needs of the thyroid.

table salt
bananas
supplements
poultry

A

table salt

The availability of iodized table salt helps people take in enough iodine to fulfill the needs of the thyroid.

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following is the main function of the parathyroid hormone?

Control metabolism
Regulate blood calcium levels
Secrete epinephrine in response to an emergency Store excess sugar in the liver

A

Regulate blood calcium levels

The main function of the parathyroid hormone is to regulate blood calcium levels.

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following may occur if too much parathyroid hormone is manufactured?

Osteoporosis
Bones that are soft and easy to bend
Muscle spasms
Cretinism

A

Bones that are soft and easy to bend

When too much parathyroid hormone is manufactured, bones become soft and easy to bend.

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13
Q
  1. What is the condition that occurs when too little parathyroid hormone is produced?

Cretinism
Tetany
Myxedema
Restless leg syndrome

A

Tetany

Tetany is the condition that occurs when too little parathyroid hormone is produced and refers to muscle spasms that are caused by lack of calcium in the bloodstream.

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following describes the location of the adrenal glands?

Wrapped around the trachea
In the mediastinum
On top of the kidneys
In the epigastric region

A

On top of the kidneys

The adrenal glands sit on top of the two kidneys.

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that have anti-inflammatory action and suppress the immune reaction?
Glucocorticoids 
Corticosteroids 
Mineralocorticoids 
Epinephrine
.
A

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that have an anti-inflammatory action and suppress the immune reaction

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and have an anti-inflammatory effect?

Glucocorticoids
Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Epinephrine

A

Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids are adrenal hormones that regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats and have an antiinflammatory effect.

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe hormones that maintain normal blood volume and promote sodium and water retention and urinary excretion of potassium?

Glucocorticoids
Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Epinephrine

A

Mineralocorticoids

Mineralocorticoids are hormones that maintain normal blood volume and promote sodium and water retention and urinary

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18
Q
  1. Which of the following hormones help(s) the body handle stressful situations?

Glucocorticoids
Corticosteroids
Mineralocorticoids
Epinephrine

A

Epinephrine

Epinephrine and norepinephrine help the body handle stressful situations.

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19
Q
  1. Epinephrine created in the body is known as:

somatotropin.
adrenaline.
glycogen.
dopamine.

A

adrenaline.

Epinephrine created in the body is known as adrenaline.

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following hormones controls the cell’s use of sugar?

Glycogen
Insulin
Glucagon
Adrenaline

A

Insulin

Insulin is the hormone that controls the cell’s use of sugar.

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe a common pancreatic disorder, characterized by an inability to use carbohydrates secondary to ineffective or no insulin production?

Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Gestational diabetes
Cushing’s syndrome

A

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a common pancreatic disorder and is characterized by no insulin production or ineffective insulin production, resulting in an ability to use carbohydrates.

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22
Q
  1. Which of the following is administered in emergencies when diabetic patients have received too much insulin?

Glucagon
Insulin
Glycogen
Adrenaline

A

Glucagon

Glucagon counteracts the effects of insulin.

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23
Q
  1. Which structure controls basic body functions such as sleep, appetite, and body temperature?

Thyroid
Thymus
Hypothalamus
Pineal

A

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus controls basic body functions such as sleep, appetite, and body temperature.

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24
Q
  1. Which of the following does NOT describe how endocrine disorders arise?

Gland overproduces its hormones.
Gland underproduces its hormones.
Gland produces hormones too early.
Target cells are overresponsive to the effects of hormones.

A

Target cells are overresponsive to the effects of hormones.

Endocrine disorders arise because a gland overproduces, underproduces, or produces its hormones too early or too late.

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25
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe a gland that is overdeveloped?

Cytomegaly
Hypercytosis
Hyperplasia
Adenoma

A

Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia refers to a gland that is overdeveloped.

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26
Q
  1. Which of the following is usually used to treat genetically caused hormonal problems?

Radioactive “cocktail”
Surgery
Replacement hormones
Radiation

A

Replacement hormones

Genetically caused problems can usually be treated with replacement hormones.

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27
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most common use of hormones in drug therapy?

Palliative
Replacement therapy
Health maintenance
Curative

A

Replacement therapy

Hormone replacement therapy is the most common use of hormones in drug therapy.

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28
Q
  1. Which of the following is the source of most hormones used in drug therapy?

Animals
Humans
Synthetic
Microorganisms

A

Animals

Most hormones used for drug therapy are taken from animals. Examples of the animals used are hogs, cattle, sheep, and horses.

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29
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of diabetes?

Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
Polycythemia

A

Polycythemia

The three classic symptoms of diabetes are hunger or polyphagia, thirst or polydipsia, and frequent urination or polyuria.

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30
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes the onset of glucose tolerance during pregnancy?

Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Gestational diabetes
Gravid diabetes

A

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is the onset of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.

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31
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a way to manage mild cases of diabetes?

Controlling diet
Maintaining normal body weight
Exercising
Administering intramuscular injections of insulin

A

Administering intramuscular injections of insulin

Mild cases of diabetes can be managed by controlling diet, maintaining normal body weight, and exercising enough to burn off excess blood sugar.

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32
Q
  1. Patients with diabetes are encouraged to eat small meals throughout the day rather than a few large meals. The purpose is to avoid large fluctuations in the amount of __________ in the blood.

proteins
sugar
vitamins
insulin

A

sugar

Patients with diabetes are encouraged to eat small meals throughout the day rather than a few larger meals. The purpose is to avoid large fluctuations in the amount of sugar in the blood.

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33
Q
  1. Which of the following statements describes why insulin must be injected?

Insulin is destroyed by gastric secretions.
Oral delivery results in a longer time for the peak effect to occur than does injection.
Continuous delivery by the transdermal route dose not conform to fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
Buccal administration is too fast to coincide with peak action.

A

Insulin is destroyed by gastric secretions.

Insulin must be injected because it is destroyed by the gastric secretions if taken orally.

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34
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a category of insulin?

Gentle-acting
Rapid-acting
Intermediate-acting
Long-acting

A

Gentle-acting

The categories of insulin are rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting.

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35
Q
  1. Lente and NPH are examples of ______________ insulin.

short-acting
rapid-acting
intermediate-acting
long-acting

A

intermediate-acting

Intermediate-acting insulin types are Lente and NPH

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36
Q
  1. Which of the following is the route of administration of Humlin R?

Buccal
Transdermal
Subcutaneous
Inhalation

A

Subcutaneous

Exubera is a rapid-acting, dry powder form of insulin that is inhaled through the use of a handheld inhaler.

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37
Q
  1. Which of the following does NOT affect a diabetic person’s need for insulin?

Emotions
Diet
Exercise
Weight

A

Weight

A diabetic person’s need for insulin varies according to diet, amount of exercise, and emotions.

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38
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe too little insulin in the bloodstream?

Hypoglycogenolysis
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycogenolysis

A

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia describes too little insulin in the bloodstream. This condition is called diabetes mellitus and is serious and can be fatal if not caught early and corrected.

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39
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes large amounts of sugar in the urine?

Glycosuria
Glycemia
Glycogenosis
Glycogenesis

A

Glycosuria

Glycosuria describes a large amount of sugar or glucose in the urine.

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40
Q
  1. Which of the following would be administered to a person in a diabetic coma?

Insulin
Glucagon
Sugar
Bicarbonate of soda

A

Insulin

Insulin may be administered to a person in a diabetic coma. Diabetic coma refers to unconsciousness caused by too little insulin.

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41
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe too much insulin in the blood?

Hyperinosemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglobulinemia

A

Hypoglycemia

Too little insulin in the blood is called hypoglycemia.

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42
Q
  1. Which of the following would be administered to a patient experiencing hypoglycemia?

Insulin
Glycogen
Sugar
Bicarbonate of soda

A

Sugar

Administering sugar is the treatment of choice for hypoglycemia.

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43
Q
  1. Increased appetite, nervousness, heart palpitations, cold sweating, shakiness, and blurred vision are symptoms of:

hypometabolism.
hypoglycemia.
hyperglycemia.
hyperglycinemia.

A

hypoglycemia.

Symptoms of hypoglycemia include increased appetite, nervousness, heart palpitations, cold sweating, shakiness, and blurred vision.

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44
Q
  1. Which of the following terms describes oral medications used to reduce diabetic symptoms?

Oral
insulin
Oral hypoglycemics
Oral Lente Oral NPH

A

Oral hypoglycemics

Oral hypoglycemics purposely lower blood sugar levels to reduce diabetic symptoms.

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45
Q
  1. Diabetics should avoid:

drinking sugar-free soda.
drinking alcohol.
eating many small meals.
exercising regularly.

A

drinking alcohol.

Diabetic patients should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.

46
Q
  1. A patient who is over the age of 40, has had diabetes for less than five years, is normal weight or obese, and has a consistent diet would respond best to:

Lente insulin.
an insulin pump.
oral hypoglycemics.
biosynthetic insulin.

A

oral hypoglycemics.

Patients who are over the age of 40, have had diabetes for less than five years, are normal weight or obese, and have a consistent diet would respond best to oral hypoglycemics.

47
Q
  1. Teaching diabetic patients good habits of skin, foot, and dental care can prevent ________________.

blood vessel diseases
vision problems
infections
sudden cardiac death

A

infections

To prevent infections, teach diabetic patients good habits of skin, foot, and dental care.

48
Q
  1. Which of the following terms is used to describe the potentially fatal insufficient production of corticosteroids?

Cushing’s syndrome
Addison’s disease
Diabetes insipidus
Graves’ disease

A

Addison’s disease

Potentially fatal insufficient production of corticosteroids is Addison’s disease.

49
Q
  1. Antidiuretic pituitary hormone (ADH) is given to control which of the following conditions?

Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Type 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Gestational diabetes
Diabetes insipidus

A

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is controlled by antidiuretic pituitary hormone.

50
Q
  1. Which of the following types of insulin should NOT be cloudy?

Lente
ltralente
NPH
Humulin

A

Humulin

Humulin should be clear. Lente, Ultralente, and NPH insulins are all cloudy.

51
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that a gland may secrete too much, too little, or too early?

Hyperplasia
Tumor
Genetic factors
Faulty messages from the pituitary

A

Faulty messages from the pituitary

There are many reasons a gland may secrete too much, too little, or too early. One is that the gland may be overdeveloped, a condition called hyperplasia. Or it may contain a tumor. Usually tumors and hyperplasia cause too much hormone production because they are far from secreting cells than normal. Genetic factors are another reason for gland malfunctions. Some individuals are born with defective glands or are missing necessary chemicals for producing certain hormones. Finally, there may be nothing wrong with a gland itself. The problem may be that the gland is receiving faulty messages from the pituitary.

52
Q
  1. Calcium stones in the kidneys may result from too much of which of the following hormones?

Parathyroid hormone
Aldosterone
Calcitonin
Thyroxine

A

Parathyroid hormone

Calcium stones in the kidneys may result from too much parathyroid hormone.

53
Q
  1. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of which of the following hormones?

Insulin
Antidiuretic hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

Antidiuretic hormone

Too little antidiuretic hormone causes diabetes insipidus.

54
Q
  1. Addison’s disease is caused by hyposecretion of hormones from which of the following glands?

Pancreas
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pituitary

A

Adrenal

Addison’s disease is caused by too little of all adrenal cortex hormones.

55
Q
  1. Large doses of which of the following are given to combat allergic reactions and inflammation?

Corticosteroids
Androgens
Epinephrine
Thyroid hormones

A

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids are given in large doses to combat allergic reactions and inflammation.

56
Q
  1. Weight gain, edema, hypertension, and failure of wounds to heal are problems associated with the long-term dose of which of the following?

Corticosteroids
Epinephrine
Insulin
Somatropin

A

Corticosteroids

Side effects of long-term corticosteroids include weight gain, sodium retention and edema, hypertension, facial rounding or moon face, diabetes, easy bruising, thinning of the skin, and failure of wounds to heal.

57
Q
  1. Which of the following is a long-acting insulin that releases insulin at a constant slow rate over 24 hours with no peaks?

Lantus
Lente
NPH
Humulin N

A

Lantus

Lantus is a long-acting insulin that releases insulin at a constant slow rate over 24 hours with no peak.

58
Q
  1. The hormone chemical message system is regulated by the pituitary, which is stimulated or inhibited by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus relies on input from the ________________ system about the conditions inside and outside the body.
A

nervous

Explanation: The hypothalamus and pituitary form a partnership in running the hormone chemical message system. The hypothalamus can stimulate or inhibit the pituitary according to conditions inside and outside the body. Because of this link, the endocrine system is influenced by the nervous system.

59
Q
  1. The levels of circulating hormones provide ___________ to the control system. When the proper blood level of hormone level is reached, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary to stop stimulating hormone production.
A

feedback

Explanation: The levels of circulating hormones provide feedback to the control system. When the proper blood level of hormone level is reached, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary to stop stimulating hormone production.

60
Q
  1. Corticosteroids suppress _________________, which is the body’s normal reaction to irritation or injury.
A

inflammation

Explanation: Corticosteroids suppress inflammation, which is the body’s normal reaction to irritation or injury.

61
Q
  1. One problem with corticosteroid therapy is that it masks ______________ and may cause it to spread.
A

infection

Explanation: One problem with corticosteroid therapy is that it masks infection and my cause it to spread.

62
Q
  1. Weight gain, edema, hypertension, facial rounding, and psychological changes are all ________________ associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy.
A

side effects

Explanation: Side effects of long-term corticosteroids include weight gain, facial rounding, and psychological changes.

63
Q
  1. Corticosteroid therapy also interferes with the _______________ between the adrenal glands and the pituitary. After withdrawal of corticosteroids, the chemical signal system between the glands takes several months to return to normal.
A

feedback

Explanation: Corticosteroid therapy also interferes with the feedback between the adrenal glands and the pituitary. After withdrawal of corticosteroids, the chemical signal system between the glands takes several months to return to normal.

64
Q
  1. When prescribing corticosteroids, doctors try to prescribe the _______ dose possible for the _____________ time needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
A

smallest, shortest

Explanation: When prescribing corticosteroids, doctors try to prescribe smallest dose possible for the shortest time needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

65
Q
  1. Lente, Ultralente, and NPH insulin should be _____________, whereas regular insulin should be ___________.
A

cloudy; clear

Explanation: Lente, Ultralente, and NPH should be cloudy, whereas regular insulin should be clear.

66
Q
  1. Insulin strength is measured in ____________.
A

units

Explanation: Insulin strength is measured in units.

67
Q
  1. Insulin is most commonly administered using the __________________ route.
A

subcutaneous

Explanation: Insulin is most commonly administered using the subcutaneous route.

68
Q
  1. The rate of absorption of insulin is greatest in the _____________, followed by the arm, thigh, and buttocks.
A

abdomen

Explanation: The rate of absorption of insulin is greatest in the abdomen, followed by the arm, thigh, and buttocks.

69
Q
  1. Be aware of the peak action time for the type of insulin you are giving. This will enable you to be alert for signs of ___________________, and have juice or sugar available, if necessary.
A

hypoglycemia

Explanation: Be aware of the peak action time for the type of insulin you are giving. This will enable you to be alert for signs of hypoglycemia, and have juice or sugar available, if necessary.

70
Q
  1. When mixing regular and intermediate-acting insulin in one syringe, draw up the intermediate-acting insulin ________________.
A

second

Explanation: When mixing regular and intermediate-acting insulin in one syringe, draw up the rapid-acting (clear) insulin first and the intermediate-acting (cloudy) insulin second.

71
Q
  1. The endocrine system is made up of glands, structures that produce and secrete chemical substances called _________________ directly into the bloodstream.
A

hormones

Explanation: The endocrine system is made up of glands, structures that produce and secrete chemical substances called hormones directly into the bloodstream.

72
Q
  1. The gland located at the base of the brain, referred to as the “master gland,” is the ________________.
A

pituitary

Explanation: The gland located at the base of the brain, referred to as the “master gland,” is the pituitary.

73
Q
  1. Gigantism occurs when the pituitary secretes too much growth hormone in a ____________.
A

child

Explanation: Gigantism occurs when the pituitary secretes too much growth hormone in a child, which causes the body to grow too fast and become overly large.

74
Q
  1. When the pituitary secretes too much growth hormone in an adult, it is termed _______________.
A

acromegaly

Explanation: When the pituitary secretes too much growth hormone in an adult, it is called acromegaly.

75
Q
  1. The _________________ gland is wrapped around the trachea just below the larynx, or voice box.
A

thyroid

Explanation: Thy thyroid gland is wrapped around the trachea just below the larynx, or voice box.

76
Q
  1. The thyroid hormones control __________________, which is the rate at which all cells produce energy.
A

metabolism

Explanation: The thyroid hormones control metabolism, which is the rate at which all cells produce energy.

77
Q
  1. Signs of _____________________ include intolerance to cold, personality changes, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, slow speech, and weight gain.
A

hypothyroidism

Explanation: Signs of hypothyroidism include intolerance to cold, personality changes, fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, slow speech, and weight gain.

78
Q
  1. To produce adequate levels of thyroid hormones, the thyroid gland needs ___________, a mineral that is present in vegetables and seafood.
A

iodine

Explanation: To produce adequate levels of thyroid hormones, the thyroid gland needs iodine, a mineral that is present in vegetables and seafood.

79
Q
  1. The availability of iodized _____________ helps people take in enough iodine to fulfill the needs of the thyroid.
A

table salt

Explanation: The availability of iodized table salt helps people take in enough iodine to fulfill the needs of the thyroid.

80
Q
  1. The main function of parathyroid hormone is to maintain a normal blood __________ level.
A

calcium

Explanation: The main function of parathyroid hormone is to maintain a normal blood calcium level.

81
Q
  1. When the level of calcium in the blood is low, the parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone to release stored calcium from the ____________.
A

bones

Explanation: When the level of calcium in the blood is low, the parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormones to release stored calcium from the bones.

82
Q
  1. If too little parathyroid hormone is produced, the muscles may go into spasms, and convulsions and gradual paralysis may occur. This condition, which affects mainly the face and hands, is called _____________ and can be fatal.
A

tetany

Explanation: If too little parathyroid hormone is produced, the muscles may go into spasms and convulsions and gradual paralysis may occur. This condition, which affects mainly the face and hands, is called tetany and can be fatal.

83
Q
  1. The two adrenal glands sit on top of (superior to) the two _____________.
A

kidneys

Explanation: There are two adrenal glands sitting on top of the two kidneys.

84
Q
  1. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones prepare the body to react to _______________ by stimulating the heartbeat, increasing blood pressure, and releasing extra sugar into the bloodstream.
A

emergencies

Explanation: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones prepare the body to react to emergencies by stimulating the heartbeat, increasing blood pressure, and releasing extra sugar into the bloodstream.

85
Q
  1. Epinephrine made in the body is also known as ______________.
A

adrenaline

Explanation: Epinephrine made in the body is also known as adrenaline.

86
Q
  1. Norepinephrine is used in the emergency treatment of ___________ because of its ability to constrict blood vessels.
A

shock

Explanation: Norepinephrine is used in the emergency treatment of shock because of its ability to constrict blood vessels.

87
Q
  1. Insulin controls the cells’ use of ______________.
A

sugar

Explanation: Insulin controls the cells’ use of sugar.

88
Q
  1. When the pancreas fails to produce insulin, the cells cannot burn sugar; instead, it remains in the bloodstream and is excreted in the urine. This condition is known as _________________.
A

diabetes mellitus

Explanation: When the pancreas fails to produce insulin, the cells cannot burn sugar; instead, it remains in the bloodstream and is excreted in the urine. This condition is known as diabetes mellitus.

89
Q
  1. The hormone _________________, which stimulates the liver to release stored sugar into the bloodstream, is administered in emergencies when diabetic patients have received too much insulin.
A

glucagon

Explanation: The hormone glucagon, which stimulates the liver to release stored sugar into the bloodstream, is administered in emergencies when diabetic patients have received too much insulin.

90
Q
  1. The hypothalamus can _______________ or _______________ the pituitary according to conditions inside and outside the body.
A

stimulate; inhibit

Explanation: The hypothalamus can stimulate or inhibit the pituitary according to conditions inside or outside the body.

91
Q
  1. The term __________________ refers to an overdeveloped of the gland.
A

hyperplasia

Explanation: Hyperplasia refers an overdeveloped of the gland.

92
Q
  1. Genetically caused problems with the endocrine system can usually be treated with _____________ hormones.
A

replacement

Explanation: Genetically caused problems with the endocrine system can usually be treated with replacement hormones.

93
Q
  1. Most hormones used for drug therapy are taken from ________________.
A

animals

Explanation: Most hormones used for drug therapy are taken from animals.

94
Q
  1. The term used to describe excessive hunger is _________________.
A

polyphagia

Explanation: The term used to describe excessive hunger is polyphagia

95
Q
  1. The term used to describe excessive thirst is __________________.
A

polydipsia

Explanation: The medical term for excessive thirst is polydipsia.

96
Q
  1. The term used to describe excessive urination is ______________.
A

polyuria

Explanation: The term for excessive urination is polyuria.

97
Q
  1. Type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) usually occurs in _____________.
A

childhood

Explanation: Type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) usually occurs in childhood.

98
Q
  1. Diabetes always carries the danger of __________________, such as diseases of the blood vessels and nervous system.
A

complications

Explanation: Diabetes always carries the danger of complications, such as diseases of the blood vessels and nervous system.

99
Q
  1. When changing diet, exercising, and maintaining normal body weight are not enough to control diabetes, __________ therapy is indicated.
A

drug

Explanation: When changing diet, exercising, and maintaining normal body weight are not enough to control diabetes, drug therapy is indicated.

100
Q

100.Insulin must be administered by injection because it is destroyed by _____________ secretions.

A

gastric

Explanation: Insulin must be administered by injection because it is destroyed by gastric secretions.

101
Q

101.Insulin therapy replaces the missing hormone that enables the body to use ______________.

A

sugar

Explanation: Insulin therapy replaces the missing hormone that enables the body to use sugar.

102
Q

102.Popular drugs for diabetes control are the _________________-acting insulins, Lente and NPH.

A

intermediate

Explanation: Popular drugs for diabetes control are the intermediate-acting insulins, Lente and NPH.

103
Q

103.The term for glucose in the urine is ________________.

A

glycosuria

Explanation: The medical term for glucose in the urine is glycosuria.

104
Q

104.The term used for the condition that results from too much insulin in the bloodstream is _______________.

A

hypoglycemia

Explanation: The medical term for low blood sugar, which can be the result of administering too much insulin in the bloodstream, is hypoglycemia.

105
Q

105.Patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are treated with oral ________________.

A

hypoglycemic

Explanation: Patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are treated with oral hypoglycemics.

106
Q

106.The adrenal cortex secretes _______________________ and the adrenal medulla secretes _____________________ and ______________________.

A

steroids; epinephrine; norepinephrine

Explanation: The adrenals are paired glands covering the superior of the kidneys. Each adrenal gland has two layers: the adrenal cortex, which secretes steroids, and the adrenal medulla, which secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

107
Q

107.The islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete __________________ and ________________.

A

glucagon; insulin

Explanation: The islets of Langerhans are made up of cells that secrete glucagon and insulin. The beta cells secrete insulin.

108
Q

108.The hormone secreted by the parathyroids, parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulates the __________________ content of the bloodstream.

A

calcium

Explanation: The parathyroids are four small glands located behind the thyroid gland. The hormone they produce is called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The main function is to maintain normal blood calcium.

109
Q

109.Metabolism is controlled by the hormones secreted by the ________________ gland.

A

thyroid

Explanation: Metabolism is controlled by the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. The thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and (T3) triiodothyronine. Metabolism is the rate at which all cells produce energy.

110
Q

110.The term hypo means too ____________ and the term hyper means too _____________.

A

little; much

Explanation: Hypo means too little and hyper means too much.

111
Q

111.Synthetic oral thyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) is used to treat ____________________.

A

hypothyroidism

Explanation: Synthetic oral thyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) is used to treat hypothyroidism.

112
Q

112.Surgery, radioactive iodine cocktail, and antithyroid drugs are used to treat _______________.

A

hyperthyroidism

Explanation: Surgery, radioactive iodine cocktail, and antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil and methimazole (Tapazole) are used to treat hyperthyroidism.

Administering Medications (18 decks)

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