Ch 16 Depressive Disorders Flashcards
Who is effected by depression?
21% of women, 13% of men
women to men 2:1
More common in spring and fall
Characteristics of MDD
at least 2 weeks of sx
no hx of mania
Characteristics of dysthymic disorder
Essential feature is a chronically depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not for at least 2 years
Characteristics of PMDD
Symptoms begin week prior to menses, start to improve within a few days after onset, and become minimal or absent in the week post-menses
Neuroendocrine disturbances that may lead to depression
failure within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
diminished release of thyroid- stimulating hormone
Psychoanalytical theory
Freud
A loss is internalized and becomes directed against the ego
Learning theory
Seligman
Learned helplessness: the individual who experiences numerous failures learns to give up trying
Object loss
Experiences loss of significant other during first 6 months of life
Feelings of helplessness and despair
Early loss or trauma may predispose client to lifelong depression
Cognative theory
Views primary disturbance in depression as cognitive rather than affective
Childhood depression symptoms
< age 3: feeding problems, tantrums, lack of playfulness and emotional expressiveness
Ages 3 to 5: accident proneness, phobias, excessive self-reproach
Ages 6 to 8: physical complaints, aggressive behavior, clinging behavior
Ages 9 to 12: morbid thoughts and excessive worrying
Cause of childhood depression
usually precipitated by a loss
Focus of therapy for childhood depresion
alleviate symptoms and strengthen coping skills
Adolescent depression symptoms
Anger, aggressiveness Running away Delinquency Social withdrawal Sexual acting out Substance abuse Restlessness, apathy
How to differentiate adolescent depression from normal behavior
behavioral change lasts for several weeks
Senescence
Bereavement overload
High percentage of suicides among elderly
