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Bio Rom > Ch 15: Cardiac System > Flashcards

Ch 15: Cardiac System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the cardiac system?

A

Supply nutrients and O2 to tissues, transport hormones, removes metabolic products from tissues.

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2
Q

How much does the heart weigh?

A

Less than 500 grams

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3
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the chest in the mediastinum, between the 2nd and 5th ribs anterior to spine posterior to sternum

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4
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of heart valves

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5
Q

What 3 veins empty into the right atrium?

A
  1. Sup vena cava
  2. Inf vena cava
  3. Coronary sinus (receives blood from heart + muscles)
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6
Q

Where do pulmonary veins empty into?

A

The left atrium.

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7
Q

What are the differences between cardiac and skeletal muscles?

A

Skeletal: striated, elongated, cylindrical
Cardiac: myocardial cells, shorter, wider, more branched and interconnected.

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8
Q

Do cardiac muscles rely on nerve impulses for signals?

A

No, they create their own signals.

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9
Q

Describe the exitoconductive system of the heart.

A
  1. SAN: located in the upper wall of the right atria it is the pacemaker, it depolarises about 70 to 80 times a minute and establishes the sinus rythm.
  2. AVN in the interatrial space, it receives signals from the SAN.
  3. Hiss bundle: receives signals from the AVN, consists of 2 branches.
  4. Purkynje fibres: causes ventricle contraction.
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10
Q

How do sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems affect the heart rate?

A

Sympathetic = increases
Parasympathetic = decreases

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11
Q

What results in myocardial infarction?

A

Myocardial cell death

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12
Q

How many times does the SAN depolarise?

A

70-80 times per minute

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13
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

It’s the inflammation of heart valves

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14
Q

What is mitral valve prolapse?

A

Its when the chordae tendinae is injured and the ventricles retrograde

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15
Q

What is cornonary thrombosis?

A

It is when the coronary artery has blockages

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16
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

It is when the heart is beating irregularly

17
Q

What is fibrillation how to solve it?

A

It is when the heart is beating fast and irregularly solving it is through defibrillation/ strong electric shock

18
Q

How many time per minute does the heart beat?

A

70-75 times

19
Q

How long is each cardiac cycle?

A

1 second

20
Q

What is the average volume bataie? Define and value.

A

It is the amount of blood pumped during each systole, 70ml in adults

21
Q

Whats the average cardiac debit definition and value?

A

Its the volume de bataie measured per minute, its 5250 ml/min

22
Q

What is a murmur how can it be determined?

A

It is an abnormal heart sound, can be a valve disease, diagnosed through a stethoscope.

23
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Its fast pulse and fast heart rate.

24
Q

Whats bradycardia?

A

Its low pulse low heart rate

25
Q

Whats the volume of blood in circulation?

A

5L

26
Q

What is the normal systolic pressure? What bt diastolic?

A

120 mmhg, 80 mmhg

27
Q

What arteries do we measure heart beat per minute/ pulse from?

A

Radial artery, popliteal, carotid.

28
Q

What is shock, what are its 3 types

A

Shock is when the cardiac system cant provide sufficient O2 +nutrients = death.
1. Hypovelemic: a used by blood loss can be helped with blood transfusion
2. Septic: cause by harmful microorganisms
3. Obstructive: caused by blood flow obstruction such as by a blood clot

29
Q

What are some causes of shock?

A

Dehydration, excessive sweating, hemoragie, prolonged v’ing

30
Q

What are some symptoms of shock?

A

Sweating, loss of consciousness, disorientation, low blood pressure, tachycardia, low cardiac debit.

31
Q

State the 11 important arteries and where they’re located.

A
  1. Carotid artery; neck
  2. Subclavecular artery l+r; shoulder
    3, axilare, brachial, radial, ulnar; upper limbs
  3. Intercostal arteries; chest wall
  4. Phrenic arteries; diaphragm
  5. Celiac artery; from which LEFT GASTRIC ARTEY, SPLENIC + HEPATIC ARTERIES arise
  6. Sup mezenteric, small intestine
  7. Renal arteries; kidney
  8. Common iliac; lower limbs
  9. External iliac; from which femoral, popliteal tibial derive.
32
Q

State 5 important veins. And where they’re located

A
  1. Jugular, neck
  2. Axilare, radial, brachial, ulnar; upper limbs
  3. Azygos + homozygous veins; pectoral muscles
  4. Splenic inf + sup mezenteric; abdmominal organs
  5. Common iliac; Lower limbs

Bio Rom (14 decks)

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