Ch 12: Sense Organs

Question 1

What are the 6 senses?

Answer 1

Sight, hearing, taste, touch, balance, smell

Question 2

What are chemoreceptors, photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors?

Answer 2

Chemoreceptors = sensory stimulus
Photo = light stimulus
Mechanoreceptors = mechanical stimulus

Question 3

What are proprioreceptors and exteroreceptors?

Answer 3

Proprio = in skeletal system, joints, bones; detect body position.
Exteroreceptors: on surface of body

Question 4

Where is image sent from eye processed (which lobe of brain)?

Answer 4

Occipital

Question 5

Which kind of humor does posterior vs anterior eye contain?

Answer 5

Anterior : aqueous
Posterior : vitreous

Question 6

What are the 3 covers of the wall of the eye?

Answer 6

External: has cornea and sclera
Medium: has choroid and iris
Internal: has retina

Question 7

How many rod vs cone cells are found?

Answer 7

Rod = 120 million
Cone = 6-7 million

Question 8

For rhodopsin, half the pigment is derived from the protein opsin, what is the other half derived from?

Answer 8

Vitamin A.

Question 9

Why is the optic disc a blind spot?

Answer 9

Cz it is devoid of nerves.

Question 10

Describe the light path in the eye.

Answer 10

Cornea, pupil (changes shape) crosses aqueous humor, lens (focuses image on retina), vitrous humor.

Question 11

How is the lens shape when looking at far vs near object?

Answer 11

Far: flat
Near: convex disc

Question 12

What is strabismus

Answer 12

It is the crossing of the eyes/ not focusing

Question 13

What is myopia, how is it solved?

Answer 13

It is when the image forms in front of the lens, a biconcave lens helps.

Question 14

What is hypermetropie? How is it solved?

Answer 14

It is when image is formed behind lens, biconvex lens.

Question 15

What is astigmatism? How is it solved?

Answer 15

It is when the image isn’t focused and a person cant distinguish between 2 close points, solved by a special lens called a TORICE LENS.

Question 16

What is dyschromatopsia, what’s it caused by?

Answer 16

It is color blindness, caused by the absence of certain cone cells that react to certain colors.

Question 17

Which lobe of the brain receives hearing impulses?

Answer 17

Temporal lobe.

Question 18

Name the parts of the internal, middle and external ear.

Answer 18

External: external auditory canal, timpan, ear pavilion
Middle: 3 oscioare, ciocan (malleus), nicovala (incus), scăriță (stapes), fereastra ovala, eustachian tube.
Inner: Cohlea, perilymph.

Question 19

Describe the basic auditory path throughout the ear.

Answer 19

1. external auditory canal
2. timpan
3. the 3 ossicles
4. fereastra ovala
5. perilymph that changes
6. organ of corti in Cohlea
7. dendrites of neurons whose axons make up the Vestibulocohlear nerve
8. contact with hair cells
9. tectorial mb sets hair cells in motion
10. Nerve impulse
11. Fereastra rotunda bulges
12. Decreases pressure
    13 . Cohlear branch
13. Vestibulocohlear nerve
14. Temporal lobe

Question 20

What types of receptors are taste buds?

Answer 20

They are chemoreceptors and exteroreceptors.

Question 21

What are the 5 primary tastes? And where are they most felt on tongue?

Answer 21

Dulce- on tip
Acru(sour)- anterior lateral portion
Amar (bitter)- back of the tongue.
Sărat: posterior lateral/tip
Umami: in pharynx, due to glutamate.

Question 22

Describe the steps taken to taste.

Answer 22

Molecules enter taste pore (por gustativ), nerve impulse happens along glosofaringial + facial nerves, brain (thalamus), parietal lobe (taste stimulus)

Question 23

Which lobe is responsible for taste?

Answer 23

Parietal lobe.

Question 24

What type of cells are olfactory cells?

Answer 24

They are chemoreceptors and exteroreceptors.

Question 25

Describe the route to smelling.

Answer 25

Smell substance, molecules enter nose, stimulate olfactory cells by touching their cilia (upper nasal cavity), olfactory nerve, to brain through LAMA CIRCUITA A OSULUI ETMOID, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tract, FRONTAL + TEMPORAL LOBES OF OLFACTORY CORTEX.

Question 26

What lobes are with interpreting smell?

Answer 26

Frontal + temporal.

Question 27

What types of cells are involved in balance?

Answer 27

Ciliated cells in ampulla and macula, they are prorioreceptors and mechanoreceptors.

Question 28

Explain dynamic equilibrium.

Answer 28

Change position of head = endolymph in semicircular canals act on hair cells = stimulation = nerve impulse = vestibular branch = vestibulo cohlear nerve = brain muscles = adjust position

Question 29

Explain maintaining posture/ static equilibrium

Answer 29

In utricle and sacula theres calcium carbonate (caliculi) = move position of head =pressure = caniculi change positions = act on ciliated cells = nerve impulse via Vestibulocohlear nerve = brain = motor impulse to muscles