Ch 14: Blood Flashcards
What type of tissue is blood?
Connective tissue
Whats the roles of blood?
Transport + protection.
What are percentages of blood content, what percent plasma vs blood cells?
Plasma: 55%
Blood cells (rbcs, wbcs platelets: 45%
What amount of total weight does blood represent in adult?
8% of total weight.
What is blood ph?
7.35 - 7.45.
What are the percent contents in the plasma?
92% water, 7% proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrogens), 1% ions (na calcium etc) and a bit degraded products from cell metabolism
Does plasma have coagulation proteins, what about ser?
Plasma does ser doesn’t.
Can plasma proteins pass through blood stream?
No, too big.
How much do fibrogens globulins and albumins each make up in plasma?
Albumins = 53%, globulins = 40%, fibrogens = 7%
How many rbcs are there in adult male vs female?
Male: 5,4 milion per micro meters/mm3
Fem: 4,8 million per micro meters/mm3
Whats the diameter of a hematie?
Diameter 7.8 micro meters, thickness 2.6 micro meters.
Where are rbcs produced and by what process.
Red bone marrow (măduva roșie osoasa) and through erythropoiesis.
Explain the process of erithropoiesis.
- We start with the initial cells, the hemocitoblasts aka stem cells.
- We go through various stages to reach maturity.
- A hormone called erithropoietin regulates partially the production of rbcs.
How long can rbcs survive before being killed by macrophages in liver etc?
About 120 days.
What happens after undoing the rbcs/ destroying them?
1, there now free aa for protein synthesis synthesis.
2, Fe goes to bone marrow to make new Hb, excess Fe stored in liver.
3, hem transformed to biliverdin (green) then to bilirubin (Yellow/orange), then transported from spleen to liver excreted in bile, part is converted to urobilinogen (color of feces), other back to liver to give urine color.
What is hemolysis?
It is a fatal blood transfusion, when for eg blood type A is given to a person with blood type b.
What is erythroblastosis (newborn blood disease) how does it happen? How to avoid?
If the father is Rh +ve and the mother is Rh -ve the baby will have rh =+ve but some rh +ve can enter the moms blood stimulating an immune response, anti rh antibodies produced, has no effect on current child but if second child rh +ve = rh -ve antibodies will react = death.
To avoid administer anti Rh antibodies to woman to neutralise existing one.
What does an increase in monocyte count result in?
Monocyte leukaemia, tuberculosis, fungal infection.
What does increase vs decrease in WBCs result in?
Increase = leukaemia
Increase above average = leukocytosis
Decrease = leukopenia
How many platelets are there?
300,000 per mm blood.
What are the functions of platelets?
- Form platelet aggregates during homeostasis
- Involved in coagulation mechanism, too little = issues with coagulation
What is hematoma?
Bad bruise, pool of blood.
What are the stages of platelet thrombosis formation?
1, in walls of blood vessels appears solution of continuation.
2. Platelets adhere to each other and collagen fibres
3. Formation of the thrombosis / aggregate.
What happens in case of larger injury?
- Coagulation factors are involved.
- Following injury coagulation process activates either extrinsicly(out blood) or intrinsically (in blood)
What are plaques?
Cholesterol +lipid deposits
What is arthrosclerosis?
Stiffened blood vessels
What is coronary thrombosis?
Blood flown implediments in coronary artery caused by thrombus formation
What is embolie?
It is the migration of a clot to other parts of the body
