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540 Jarvis > Ch 13 Skin, hair, nails > Flashcards

Ch 13 Skin, hair, nails Flashcards

1
Q

The three layers of skin are:

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • subcutaneous
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2
Q

Epidermis contains ______ that produce _______

Cells are desquamated and replaced - completely replaced every __ weeks

A

melanocytes –> melanin

every 4 weeks

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3
Q

Dermis contains ____, ____, ____, _____ and ______

A
  • nerves
  • sensory receptors
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatics
  • appendages (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands)
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4
Q

Sebaceous glands produce ____ secreted through ___

Function:
Location:

A

sebum –> secreted through hair follicles

function: oils and lubricates skin/hair, delays water loss from skin
location: everywhere except palms and soles

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5
Q

___ sweat glands produce sweat
function:

____ sweat glands produce milky secretion that opens into hair follicles

  • active during _____
  • secreted during _____
A

Eccrine sweat glands make sweat
function: body temp regulation

Apocrine sweat glands:

  • active in puberty
  • secreted with emotional and sexual stimulation
  • cause BO
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6
Q

Nails are made of _____

The ____ is white semilunar area at proximal end

A

keratin

lunula

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7
Q

Canadian skin cancer foundation recommends:

  • staying out of sun between ___ and ___
  • staying out of sun when UV index is > ____
  • wearing sunscreen with SPF > ____
  • apply sunscreen ___ min before going out, and reapply every _____ hours
A

10 AM and 4 PM
UV index > 3
SPF > 30
apply 20 min prior, reapply every 2-3 hours

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8
Q

____ is the absence of melanin

A

vitiligo

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9
Q

A, B, C, D, E danger signs

A 
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour variation
Diameter > 6 mm
Elevation and Evolution
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10
Q

Nails can appear _______ in chronic iron deficiency anemia

A

-spoon shaped

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11
Q

Jaundice is first noted in _____ and ______

Some causes of jaundice:

A

junction of hard and soft palates in mouth and in sclera

-hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, transfusion reaction, hemolytic disease of newborn

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12
Q

Addison’s disease causes skin to look ______ due to increased _____ production stimulated by cortisol deficiency

A

bronze
melanin

“eternal tan”
-esp to nipples, perineum, genitalia, pressure points

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13
Q

erythema toxicum commonly occurs _____

looks like ______

A
  • within first 3-4 days of life
  • tiny red macules and papules to cheeks, trunk, chest, back, buttocks
  • no treatment needed
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14
Q

Define:

  • annular:
  • confluent:
  • gyrate:
  • target:
  • polycyclic
  • zosteriform:
A
  • annular: circular (central, spreads to periphery)
  • confluent: merge together
  • gyrate: twisted, coiled, spiral
  • target: concentric rings (bulls eye)
  • polycyclic: annular lesions that grow together
  • zosteriform: linear along nerve route
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15
Q

Define:

  • macule:
  • papule:
  • patch:
  • plaque:
  • nodule:
  • wheal:
  • urticaria:
  • vesicle:
  • cyst
  • bulla
  • pustule
A
  • macule: flat <1 cm
  • papule: solid elevated <1 cm
  • patch: flat > 1cm
  • plaque: papules that coalesce to form elevation wider than 1 cm, plateaulike disc-shaped lesion
  • nodule: soft elevated > 1cm diameter
  • wheal: superfcial raised transient erythematous
  • urticaria: wheals that coalesce ++pruritic
  • vesicle: blister up to 1 cm
  • cyst: encapsulated fluid-filled cavity
  • bulla: blister > 1 cm
  • pustule: filled with pus
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16
Q

Define

  • fissure
  • erosion
  • ulcer
  • excoriation
  • lichenification
  • atrophic scar
A
  • fissure: linear crack extending to dermis
  • erosion: scooped-out shallow depression, loss of epidermis, (does not extend to dermis) so no bleeding
  • ulcer: depression extending to dermis, may bleed
  • excoriation: self-inflicted abrasion, superficial
  • lichenification: thickening of skin
  • atrophic scar: depression of skin level due to loss of tissue: thinning of epidermis
17
Q

Port wine stain is flat _____ patch along distribution of CN ____
-becomes darker with _________

A

macular patch along CN V

  • appears darker with crying, exertion, exposure to hot/cold
  • does not fade (birth mark)
18
Q

Spider angioma has central pulsating body and legs that ?do/do not blanch with pressure

  • develops on____
  • associated with ______
A

capillary legs from arterial body

  • legs blanch with pressure
  • develops on face, neck, chest
  • associated with pregnancy, chronic liver disease or estrogen therapy
19
Q

Petechiae are caused by ______

  • do/do not blanch with pressure
  • looks for petechiae in _______ and _____
A
  • tiny hemorrhages from superficial capillaries
  • do not blanch
  • look in mouth (esp buccal mucosa) and conjunctivae
20
Q

Ecchymosis is a patch > ___ mm in diameter resulting from ______

A

> 3 mm in diameter

-from extravasation of blood into skin

21
Q

Purpura is patch of _____ and _______

A

confluent patch of petechiae and ecchymoses > 3 mm

22
Q

Measles aka _______

first appears ____, spreads to _____
Appears on day __
(do/do not) blanch

A

rubeola

  • first appears behind ears –> face –> neck/trunk/arms/legs
  • rash appears on day 3-4
  • does not blanch
23
Q

German measles aka ______

-differentiated from measles by presence of ______ and absence of _______

A

rubella

  • presence of neck lymphadenopathy
  • absence of Koplik’s spots
24
Q

Varicella lesions

starts off with ____ –> ____ –> _____

A

vesicles –> pustules –> crusts

25
Q

Erythema migrans of ____ disease occurs ___ days to ___ months after tick bite
can persist for up to __ weeks.

Hallmark:
Location:
Fades in ___ weeks
symptoms of disseminated disease:

A

Lyme disease
Occurs 3 days to 1 month after bite
persist up to 8 weeks

target rash with central clearing
accompanied by lymphadenopathy
axilla, midriff, inguina, behind knee
disseminated disease: fatigue, anorexia, fever, chills, joint or muscle aches

26
Q

skin coloured papule with translucent top and overlying telangectasia

-rounded pearly borders with central red ulcer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

27
Q

erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins
central ulcer

usually on hands/head, areas exposed to sun

A

squamous cell carcinoma

28
Q

Furuncles result from infection of _______

Abscesses result from _______

A

furuncles: infection of hair follicles
abscesses: traumatic introduction of bacteria into skin

29
Q

Splinter hemorrhages: red brown streaks occur with _____

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

30
Q

transverse grooves across nail, can happen with trauma, acute illness, toxic reaction or local trauma

A

Beau’s line

31
Q

manifestation of psoriasis in nails

A

pitting

540 Jarvis (21 decks)

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