Ch 13 Skin, hair, nails Flashcards
The three layers of skin are:
- epidermis
- dermis
- subcutaneous
Epidermis contains ______ that produce _______
Cells are desquamated and replaced - completely replaced every __ weeks
melanocytes –> melanin
every 4 weeks
Dermis contains ____, ____, ____, _____ and ______
- nerves
- sensory receptors
- blood vessels
- lymphatics
- appendages (hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands)
Sebaceous glands produce ____ secreted through ___
Function:
Location:
sebum –> secreted through hair follicles
function: oils and lubricates skin/hair, delays water loss from skin
location: everywhere except palms and soles
___ sweat glands produce sweat
function:
____ sweat glands produce milky secretion that opens into hair follicles
- active during _____
- secreted during _____
Eccrine sweat glands make sweat
function: body temp regulation
Apocrine sweat glands:
- active in puberty
- secreted with emotional and sexual stimulation
- cause BO
Nails are made of _____
The ____ is white semilunar area at proximal end
keratin
lunula
Canadian skin cancer foundation recommends:
- staying out of sun between ___ and ___
- staying out of sun when UV index is > ____
- wearing sunscreen with SPF > ____
- apply sunscreen ___ min before going out, and reapply every _____ hours
10 AM and 4 PM
UV index > 3
SPF > 30
apply 20 min prior, reapply every 2-3 hours
____ is the absence of melanin
vitiligo
A, B, C, D, E danger signs
Asymmetry Border irregular Colour variation Diameter > 6 mm Elevation and Evolution
Nails can appear _______ in chronic iron deficiency anemia
-spoon shaped
Jaundice is first noted in _____ and ______
Some causes of jaundice:
junction of hard and soft palates in mouth and in sclera
-hepatitis, cirrhosis, sickle cell disease, transfusion reaction, hemolytic disease of newborn
Addison’s disease causes skin to look ______ due to increased _____ production stimulated by cortisol deficiency
bronze
melanin
“eternal tan”
-esp to nipples, perineum, genitalia, pressure points
erythema toxicum commonly occurs _____
looks like ______
- within first 3-4 days of life
- tiny red macules and papules to cheeks, trunk, chest, back, buttocks
- no treatment needed
Define:
- annular:
- confluent:
- gyrate:
- target:
- polycyclic
- zosteriform:
- annular: circular (central, spreads to periphery)
- confluent: merge together
- gyrate: twisted, coiled, spiral
- target: concentric rings (bulls eye)
- polycyclic: annular lesions that grow together
- zosteriform: linear along nerve route
Define:
- macule:
- papule:
- patch:
- plaque:
- nodule:
- wheal:
- urticaria:
- vesicle:
- cyst
- bulla
- pustule
- macule: flat <1 cm
- papule: solid elevated <1 cm
- patch: flat > 1cm
- plaque: papules that coalesce to form elevation wider than 1 cm, plateaulike disc-shaped lesion
- nodule: soft elevated > 1cm diameter
- wheal: superfcial raised transient erythematous
- urticaria: wheals that coalesce ++pruritic
- vesicle: blister up to 1 cm
- cyst: encapsulated fluid-filled cavity
- bulla: blister > 1 cm
- pustule: filled with pus
Define
- fissure
- erosion
- ulcer
- excoriation
- lichenification
- atrophic scar
- fissure: linear crack extending to dermis
- erosion: scooped-out shallow depression, loss of epidermis, (does not extend to dermis) so no bleeding
- ulcer: depression extending to dermis, may bleed
- excoriation: self-inflicted abrasion, superficial
- lichenification: thickening of skin
- atrophic scar: depression of skin level due to loss of tissue: thinning of epidermis
Port wine stain is flat _____ patch along distribution of CN ____
-becomes darker with _________
macular patch along CN V
- appears darker with crying, exertion, exposure to hot/cold
- does not fade (birth mark)
Spider angioma has central pulsating body and legs that ?do/do not blanch with pressure
- develops on____
- associated with ______
capillary legs from arterial body
- legs blanch with pressure
- develops on face, neck, chest
- associated with pregnancy, chronic liver disease or estrogen therapy
Petechiae are caused by ______
- do/do not blanch with pressure
- looks for petechiae in _______ and _____
- tiny hemorrhages from superficial capillaries
- do not blanch
- look in mouth (esp buccal mucosa) and conjunctivae
Ecchymosis is a patch > ___ mm in diameter resulting from ______
> 3 mm in diameter
-from extravasation of blood into skin
Purpura is patch of _____ and _______
confluent patch of petechiae and ecchymoses > 3 mm
Measles aka _______
first appears ____, spreads to _____
Appears on day __
(do/do not) blanch
rubeola
- first appears behind ears –> face –> neck/trunk/arms/legs
- rash appears on day 3-4
- does not blanch
German measles aka ______
-differentiated from measles by presence of ______ and absence of _______
rubella
- presence of neck lymphadenopathy
- absence of Koplik’s spots
Varicella lesions
starts off with ____ –> ____ –> _____
vesicles –> pustules –> crusts
Erythema migrans of ____ disease occurs ___ days to ___ months after tick bite
can persist for up to __ weeks.
Hallmark:
Location:
Fades in ___ weeks
symptoms of disseminated disease:
Lyme disease
Occurs 3 days to 1 month after bite
persist up to 8 weeks
target rash with central clearing
accompanied by lymphadenopathy
axilla, midriff, inguina, behind knee
disseminated disease: fatigue, anorexia, fever, chills, joint or muscle aches
skin coloured papule with translucent top and overlying telangectasia
-rounded pearly borders with central red ulcer
Basal cell carcinoma
erythematous scaly patch with sharp margins
central ulcer
usually on hands/head, areas exposed to sun
squamous cell carcinoma
Furuncles result from infection of _______
Abscesses result from _______
furuncles: infection of hair follicles
abscesses: traumatic introduction of bacteria into skin
Splinter hemorrhages: red brown streaks occur with _____
subacute bacterial endocarditis
transverse grooves across nail, can happen with trauma, acute illness, toxic reaction or local trauma
Beau’s line
manifestation of psoriasis in nails
pitting
