Ch 1, 5 clinical reasoning, complete hx

Question 1

Define symptom and sign

Answer 1

symptom: subjective sensation that pt feels
sign: objective abnormality that examiner could detect on exam/through labs

Question 2

Acronym FICA to assess spirituality

Answer 2

Faith
Influence (how does it influence your life)
Community
Address (are there any you would like me to address with you)

Question 3

what does HEEADSSS stand for with adolescent assessment?

Answer 3

home
education and employment
eating
activities (with peers)
drugs
sex
suicide
safety

Question 4

define subjective and objective data

Answer 4

subjective: what person says during history
objective: what can be observed by IPPA

Question 5

what are the 4 steps of diagnostic reasoning?

Answer 5

• attending initially available cues
• formulating diagnostic hypotheses
• gathering data related to hypotheses
• arrive at final diagnosis

(cues –> hypotheses –> data –> dx)

Question 6

What are the 4 components of evidence-informed clinical decision making?

Answer 6

• evidence from research
• physical exam and assessment of pt
• clinical expertise
• patient preference and values

Question 7

Define

• biomedical model
• behavioural model
• socioenvironmental model

Answer 7

biomed: health is absence of disease
behavioural: health includes primary and secondary prevention
socioenvironmental model: adds on sociological and environmental considerations

Question 8

Define cultural

• awareness
• sensitivity
• competence
• humility
• safety

Answer 8

Cultural Awareness: An attitude that includes awareness about differences between cultures.

Cultural Sensitivity: An attitude that recognizes the differences between cultures and that these differences are important to acknowledge in health care.

Cultural Competency: An approach that focuses on practitioners’ attaining skills, knowledge, and attitudes to work in more effective and respectful ways with Indigenous patients and people of different cultures.

Cultural Humility: An approach to health care based on humble acknowledgement of oneself as a learner when it comes to understanding a person’s experience.

A life-long process of learning and being self-reflexive.

Cultural Safety: An approach that considers how social and historical contexts, as well as structural and interpersonal power imbalances, shape health and health care experiences.

Practitioners are self- reflective/self-aware with regards to their position of power and the impact of this role in relation to patients.

“Safety” is defined by those who receive the service, not those who provide i

Question 9

Define

• health inequality
• health inequity

Answer 9

inequality: differences and disparities in health status between groups
inequity: unnecessary and avoidable differences (unfair and unjust)

Question 10

Define

• primary prevention
• secondary prevention
• tertiary prevention

Answer 10

primary: prevention of illness (eg immunizations) –> prevent health problems and protect health
secondary: early detection of disease before symptoms emerge eg pap, mammos
tertiary: prevent complications when disease is present or has progressed eg teaching pt with diabetes how to look after their feet

Question 11

Define

-empathy

Answer 11

-viewing the world from another person’s inner frame of reference
-without criticism
-self-aware of own assumptions
feeling with the person