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Emergency Medical Responder > Ch 13: Musculoskeletal Injuries > Flashcards

Ch 13: Musculoskeletal Injuries Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Fracture

A

A partial or complete break in bone tissue

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2
Q

Open Fracture

A

A fracture involving an open wound

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3
Q

Closed Fracture

A

A fracture that leaves the skin unbroken

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4
Q

Dislocation

A

A displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position at a joint.

The displaced bone end often causes an abnormal lump, ridge or depression, sometimes making dislocations easier to identify.

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5
Q

Sprain

A

The stretching or tearing of ligaments and other tissues at a joint.

Usually results when the bones that form a joint are forced beyond their normal range of motion.

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6
Q

Strain

A

The excessive stretching and tearing of muscle or tendon fibres. Sometimes called a pulled muscle or tear

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7
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or systemic inflammatory diseases.

Pain and Stiffness in the tendon area or a burning sensation around the whole joint

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8
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Injuries

A 
Pain
Swelling
Deformity
Discoloration of skin (Contusions)
Inability to use the affected part normally
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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Serious Musculoskeletal Injuries

A
  • Significant Deformity
  • Moderate or sever swelling and discoloration
  • Inability to move or use the affected body part
  • Bone fragments protruding from wound
  • Crepitus, or a snap or pop at time of injury
  • Patient reports a felling of the affect part giving way
  • Loss of circulation or feeling in an extremity
  • Cause of the injury suggests that the injury may be severe
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10
Q

Obtain Advanced Medical Care When

A
  • Severe Bleeding
  • Involves head, neck or back
  • Impairs walking or breathing
  • Severe angulation with reduction or loss of distal circulation.
  • See or suspect multiple fractures.
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11
Q

Care for Musculoskeletal Injuries

A

R est
I mmobilize
C old
E levate

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12
Q

Rest

A

Avoid any movements or activities that cause pain

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13
Q

Immobilize

A

Splint above and below the injury site

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14
Q

Cold

A

Apply ice or a cold pack with a layer of cloth to protect skin

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15
Q

Elevate

A

Keep the injury above the level of the heart to reduce swelling by slowing blood flow.

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16
Q

Types of Splints

A

Soft
Rigid
Anatomical
Traction

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17
Q

Soft Splint

A

Splints made out of folded blankets, towels, pillows, slings or triangular bandages

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18
Q

Rigid Splint

A

Splits made from boards, metal strips and folded newspaper or cardboard.

19
Q

Anatomical Splint

A

Splints using other parts of the body

20
Q

Traction Splint

A

A splint that keeps a constant, steady pull against opposite ends of the leg, stabilizing fractured bone ends.

21
Q

Rule of Thirds

A

A method of determining if an injury is a joint or mid shaft injury. Works by dividing the long bones into thirds.

If the injury is located in the upper third, lower third or a joint, assume it is a joint injury.

If the injury is located in the middle third, assume it is a mid-shaft injury

22
Q

A Single Attempt to Realign Fracture When:

A

When:

  • Loss of distal circulation
  • Loss of distal sensation or mobility
  • Gross angulation
  • Tenting of the skin
  • Great discomfort

Grasp the limb above and below the site of injury and pull gently.

Do Not:

  • Joint injury
  • Firm resistance to movement
  • Significant increase in pain
  • Crepitus
23
Q

Transporting a Musculoskeletal Injury

A
  • Splint before moving a patient

- Monitor patient at all times

24
Q

Upper Extremity Injuries

A

Shoulder
Upper Arm
Elbow
Forearm, Wrist, and Hand

25
Q

Shoulder Injuries

A

Clavicle

Scapula

26
Q

Clavicle Injuries

A
  • Occurs commonly in children
  • Usually result of a fall
  • Pain may radiate down arm
  • Will support the arm against the chest
  • Lies over major blood vessels and nerves to the arm.
  • Immobilize to prevent injury to these structures
27
Q

Scapula Injuries

A
  • Less likely to see deformity
  • Extreme pain
  • Inability to move the arm
  • Takes great force to break, suspect rib or internal organ damage
  • Dislocation
28
Q

Care for Shoulder Injuries

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Check CMS
  • Apply pressure bandage in figure 8 motion
  • Support the arm in the position of comfort
  • Splint in position of comfort
  • Place something soft to fill the gap between the arm and chest for support
  • Check CMS again
29
Q

Upper Arm Injuries

A

Humerus

30
Q

Humerus Injury

A
  • Can be fractured at any point
  • Danger of damage to blood vessels and nerves
  • Can cause severe deformity
31
Q

Care for Upper Arm Injuries

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Check for CMS
  • Immobilize
  • Place arm in sling and bind to chest
32
Q

Elbow

A
  • Can be sprained, fractured, or dislocated

- Cause permanent disability since all the nerves and blood vessels to the forearm and hand go through the elbow

33
Q

Care for Elbow Injuries

A
  • If they cannot move it, do not move it
  • Control Bleeding
  • Pressure bandage in a figure 8 motion
  • Check CMS
  • Immobilize in position of comfort from shoulder to wrist
  • Place arm in sling and secure to chest, or with a splint and two triangular bandages
  • If the elbow is bent, apply the splint diagonally across the underside of the arm
  • Splint should extend beyond the upper arm and the wrist
34
Q

Forearm, Wrist and Hand Injuries

A
  • Fractures of the radius and ulna are most common
  • The radial artery and nerves are near these bones, so sever bleeding or loss of CMS may be present
  • The wrist is a common site for sprains
  • Injuries to the hands and phalanges involve mostly soft tissue damage but a serious injury may damage nerves, blood vessels and bones
  • Deep lacerations to the hand can cause permanent disabling injuries
35
Q

Care for Forearm, Wrist and Hand Injuries

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Bandage hand in a figure 8 pattern with a pressure bandage
  • Check for CMS
  • Immobilize
  • Extend the splint beyond both the hand and elbow
  • Place a roll of gauze in the palm to keep hand in normal position
  • Secure splint with triangular bandage or roller gauze
  • Recheck CMS
  • Put the arm in a sling and secure to the chest
  • Splint a finger with an adjacent one
  • Do not attempt to realign phalanges
  • Apply cold
  • Elevate
  • Seek advanced medical care
36
Q

Lower Leg Injuries

A
  • Can involve both soft tissue and musculoskeletal damage
  • Bones include Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
  • The femoral artery is major, if it is damaged, blood loss can be life threatening
  • Bradycardia distal to the injury is a sign of femoral arterial damage
37
Q

Thigh and Lower Leg Injuries

A
  • Most femur fractures involve the upper end of the bone, where the hip joint is and are called hip fractures
  • Femur fractures have a characteristic deformity, because the thigh muscles are so strong they pull broken ends together, causing them to overlap. The injured leg will be shorter and turned outward
  • The lower leg may involve one or both bones Tibia and Fibula.
  • Open fractures are common
  • A blow to the outside of the leg may damage just the fibula.
  • May cause sever deformity in which the lower leg is bent at an unusual angle
  • Person may also be able to use the lower leg and present no signs of deformity
38
Q

Care for Thigh and Lower Leg Injuries

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Immobilize in position of comfort and splint
  • Splint from hip to end of foot, and secure at several places above and below the injury site, using a figure 8 around the joints. Or splint both legs together, using padding between them for support.
  • Apply cold
  • Check CMS
  • Care for shock
  • Obtain advanced medical care
39
Q

Traction Splint Rules

A

10% of body weight to a maximum of 15 pounds

40
Q

Knee Injuries

A
  • Includes the lower end of the femur and the upper ends of the tibia and fibula
  • Can be cuts, bruises, sprains, dislocations and fractures.
41
Q

Care for Knee Injuries

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Pressure bandage using figure 8
  • Support in bent position if it cannot be straightened
  • If straightened, splint as you would an injury to the thigh or lower leg
  • Apply cold
  • Rest
  • Treat for shock
42
Q

Ankle and Foot Injuries

A
  • Commonly caused by twisting forces
  • Minor sprains, fractures, dislocations
  • Care as if they are serious
  • Forces that cause foot fractures can also affect other parts of the leg
43
Q

Care for Ankle and Foot Injuries

A
  • Control Bleeding
  • R E S T
  • Ongoing Survey

Emergency Medical Responder (16 decks)

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