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Emergency Medical Responder > Ch 12: Soft Tissue Injuries > Flashcards

Ch 12: Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards

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1
Q

Closed Wound

A

A wound in which soft tissue damage damage occurs beneath the skin and the skin is not broken

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2
Q

General Care for a Closed Wound

A
  • Apply an ice or a cold pack, covered with cloth to protect the skin
  • Apply this cold for 20 minutes every hour until the pain is relieved.

-Patient complains of severe pain or trauma caused by great force, seek advanced medical care.

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3
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise

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4
Q

Crush Injury

A

A crushing force is applied causing fractures and organ damage with the skin still intact

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5
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

When pressure builds up to dangerous levels within the muscles and blocks circulation to the cells. Occurs in muscle groups covered by tough membranes that do not readily expand.

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6
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome

A
  • Pain intensely out of proportion to the injury
  • Tingling or burning in the muscle
  • Muscle may feel tight or full
  • The area becomes numb or paralyzed
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7
Q

Care for Compartment Syndrome

A
  • Obtain advanced medical care

- Monitor vitals and distal circulation

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8
Q

Blast Injuries

A

When pressure waves generated by an explosion strike the body surface.

Injuries from:

  • The blast itself
  • Shrapnel
  • Trauma from being thrown
  • Injuries or illnesses caused by hazardous material
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9
Q

Myocardial Contusion

A

Heart muscle bruising after blunt force to the chest

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10
Q

Subungual Hematoma

A

A collection of blood under the nail bed

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11
Q

Care for Subungual Hematoma

A
  • Wear proper PPE as blood may spatter
  • Clean the area
  • Ensure patients hand is on firm surface
  • Use a nail drill to create a small hole in the middle of the blood pocket.
  • If no nail drill, heat the end of a paperclip until red hot and use it to create a hole.
  • Procedure should be painless
  • If releasing the blood does not stop the pain, suspect a fracture.
  • The hole may require reopening
  • Clean the injured area and apply a dressing
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12
Q

Open Wounds

A

Injuries that break the skin

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13
Q

Care for Open Wounds

A
  • With a gloved hand, control bleeding using direct pressure
  • Continue direct pressure by applying a pressure bandage
  • Obtain more advanced medical care
  • Wash your hands immediately after completing care even though you wore gloves.
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14
Q

Abrasion

A

Skin that has been rubbed or scraped away.

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15
Q

Care for an Abrasion

A
  • Clean the wound as debris may be embedded
  • Rinse under water for 5 minutes
  • Control bleeding
  • Apply sterile dressing and bandage
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16
Q

Laceration

A

A cut. Can be caused by a sharp object or when blunt forces split the skin.

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17
Q

Care for a Laceration

A

Deep lacerations may effect the layers of fat and muscle and bleed fairly freely.

  • Clean the wound and rinse for 5
  • Control bleeding
  • Apply sterile dressing and bandage
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18
Q

Avulsion

A

An injury in which a portion of the skin and other soft tissues is partially or completely torn away. A portion may hang like a flap.

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19
Q

Care for an Avulsion

A
  • Clean and disinfect wound and rinse for 5
  • Put any hanging flaps back down into position
  • Control bleeding
  • Apply sterile dressing and bandage
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20
Q

Amputation

A

A complete severing of a body part

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21
Q

Care for Amputations

A
  • Clean and disinfect wound and rinse for 5
  • Control bleeding
  • Apply sterile dressing and bandage
  • Locate amputated part
  • Keep amputated part in sanitary container, wrapped in gauze and kept cool
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22
Q

Puncture

A

An injury caused by the skin being pierced with a pointed object.

ie: Needle sticks, bullet wound

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23
Q

Impaled Object

A

An object that remains in the open wound

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24
Q

Abscess

A

A localized collection of pus within tissues

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25
Q

Care for Abscesses

A
  • Cleanse the area
  • Drain the abscess using a hot compress until the skin bursts
  • Continue to cleanse intermittently with antibacterial solution
  • Do not squeeze as it will spread the infection deeper
  • If the abscess involves the face, neck, groin or buttocks or is very painful, seek further medical attention.
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26
Q

Infection

A

When bacteria have entered the system.

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27
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Infection

A
  • Wound area becomes swollen and red
  • Area may feel warm or throb with pain
  • Pus discharge
  • Red streaks toward heart
  • Fever
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28
Q

Care for Infection

A
  • Cleanse the area thoroughly
  • Do not use alcohol
  • Rinse the wound under running water for five minutes
  • Apply an antibiotic ointment
  • Control any bleeding
  • Severe infection or spreading infection seek advanced medical care
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29
Q

Tetanus

A

A serious infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium Tetani, found in soil and animal feces.

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30
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Tetanus

A
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Irritability
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Muscle spasms near infected area
  • Lockjaw
31
Q

Care for Tetanus

A
  • Thoroughly clean an open wound
  • Apply sterile dressings and bandage
  • Seek advanced medical care
32
Q

Gangrene

A

A severe, infection caused by a bacteria that thrives in the absence of oxygen.

33
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Gangrene

A
  • Sudden onset of pain and swelling
  • Local tissue discoloration
  • Brownish, fowl smelling, watery discharge
  • The discharge is highly infectious
  • Crepitus beneath the skin
34
Q

Care for Gangrene

A
  • Perform first aid
  • Rapid transport
  • Care for shock
35
Q

Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

Rapidly progressive and very painful infection. “Flesh eating disease”

36
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin, usually a result from contact with a chemical irritant or from an allergy

37
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Dermatitis

A
  • A history of reaction to an irritant
  • Redness, irritation, swelling
  • Itchiness or pain
  • Blisters
  • Thickening and cracking of the skin
38
Q

Care for Dermatitis

A
  • For serious cases treat as a poisoning
  • Avoid the irritant
  • Protect skin
  • Seek further medical attention if signs of irritation persist for more than 3-4 days
39
Q

Dressings

A

Pads placed directly on the wound to absorb blood and other fluids, and to prevent infection

40
Q

Occlusive Dressing

A

A dressing or bandage that seals a wound and protects it from air

41
Q

Bandage

A

Any material used to wrap or cover any part of the body. Used to hold dressings in place, to appl y pressure to control bleeding, to help protect a wound form dirt and infection and to support in injured limb or body part.

42
Q

Adhesive Compress

A

A small pad of non stick gauze on a strip of adhesive tape.

ie: Band-aids

43
Q

Roller Bandage

A

A bandage usually made of gauze or gauze like material used to wrap around a body part.

44
Q

Triangular Bandage

A

Folded, it can hold a dressing or splint in place, or be used as a sling to support an injured shoulder, arm or hand.

45
Q

Care for an Impaled object

A
  • Leave the object alone unless it involves the cheek or interferes with breathing
  • Use bulky dressings to stabilize the object. Movement can cause further damage
  • Control bleeding by bandaging the dressings in place around the object
46
Q

Sliver

A

A sharp, thin piece of some material that has broken off and penetrated the skin.

Three general types:
Wood
Metal
Glass

47
Q

Wood Sliver

A

Flesh colored and difficult to see.

  • Wet the area with a colored antiseptic solution (iodine)
  • Soak for 30 seconds
  • Gently wipe away the remaining liquid
  • The sliver will likely soak up fluid, making it easier to see
48
Q

Metal Sliver

A

Usually easy to see and remove

49
Q

Glass Sliver

A

Usually invisible and difficult to see

-Soak in warm, diluted antibacterial detergent for 20 minutes

50
Q

How to Remove a Sliver

A
  • Determine the angle at which the sliver entered the skin
  • Grasp the sliver with disinfected forceps and withdraw it at the same angle
  • Treat as a puncture or laceration
51
Q

How to Remove a Fish Hook

A

Method 1:

  • With one hand, press down on the back of the hook shank, by the eye of the hook to push the barb away from any tissue
  • With the other hand, quickly jerk out the hook. This causes less damage than the second method
  • Wash the injured area with soap and water
  • Dress the wounds

Method 2:

  • Move the hook in a curve so that the barbed tip exits through the skin
  • Clip off the barbed tip and remove the remainder of the hook by pulling it back the way it entered. This avoids forcing the eye of the hook through tissue
  • Wash the injured area
  • Dress wounds
52
Q

Burns

A

A soft tissue injury caused by heat, electricity or chemical

53
Q

Superficial Burns

A

Involve the top layer of skin.

54
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Superficial Burn

A
  • Skin is red and dry
  • Area is painful
  • Swelling
55
Q

Partial-Thickness Burn

A

A burn involving both the epidermis and the dermis

56
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Partial-Thickness Burn

A
  • Skin is red
  • Blistering
  • Skin may look blotched
  • Fluid may ooze
  • Pain
  • Swelling
57
Q

Full-Thickness Burn

A

A burn that destroys both layers of skin, as well as any or all underlying structures

58
Q

Signs and Symtoms of a Full-Thickness Burn

A
  • Skin may look brown or charred with tissue underneath appearing white
  • Either extremely painful or relatively painless
  • Surrounded by painful partial-thickness burns
59
Q

Critical Burn

A

A burn that requires immediate, more advanced medical care. They are potentially life threatening, disfiguring or disabling.

60
Q

Types of Critical Burns

A
  • Inhalation injuries causing dyspnea, or signs of burns around the nose and mouth.
  • Flame burns that occurred in a confined space
  • Burns covering more than one body part
  • Burns to the head, neck, hands, feet or groin
  • Any partial-thickness or full thickness burned to a child or elderly adult
  • Burns resulting from chemicals, explosions, or electricity
  • Burns that result in a great deal of pain or loss of LOC in the patient
61
Q

Rule of Nines

A

A method in which to estimate the percent of body surface area burned.

62
Q

Rule of Nines - Adult

A 
Head - 9
Upper Extremities (each) - 9
Lower Extremities (each) - 18
Torso - 18
Back - 18
Groin - 1
63
Q

Rule of Nines - Child

A 
Head and Neck - 18
Upper Extremities (each) - 9
Lower Extremities (each) - 14
Torso - 18
Back - 18
64
Q

Care for Thermal Burns

A

Cool
Cover
Minimize Shock

65
Q

Cooling a Thermal Burn

A

If a partial-thickness or full thickness burn covers more than 10% of the body, cool only a small area at a time.

Do not use ice

When the burn is cool, remove any clothing from the area, unless it is sticking to the wound

66
Q

Covering a Thermal Burn

A

Use non stick sterile dressings and loosely bandage them in place

Do not put pressure on the burn surface

Small superficial burns may be covered with a moist dressing

Do not break blisters

67
Q

Chemical Burns

A

Burns that are caused by caustic chemicals such as strong acids or alkalis

68
Q

Care for a Chemical Burn

A
  • Brush the chemical from the skin
  • Flush the burn continuously with large amounts of cool, running water for at least 20 minutes
  • Protect yourself and avoid contaminating unaffected areas of the patient
69
Q

Electrical Burn

A

A burn caused by an electrical source that often effects tissues beneath the skin.

Will be marked by characteristic entry and exit wounds.

70
Q

Care for an Electrical Burn

A
  • Cover any burn injuries with a non-stick sterile dressing

- Minimize shock

71
Q

Inhalation Injuries

A

Burns that resulted from a fire in an enclosed, confined space are likely to be associated with inhalation injuries.

72
Q

Care for Inhalation Injuries

A
  • Move the patient to a well-ventilated place
  • Continually monitor breathing and obtain advanced medical care immediately
  • Administer O2
73
Q

Radiation Burns

A

A burn caused by rays, energy or electromagnetic waves. Similar to thermal burns and may blister and involve more than one skin layer.

74
Q

Care for Radiation Burns

A
  • Cool
  • Cover
  • Minimize shock

Emergency Medical Responder (16 decks)

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