Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Certified Medication Aid > Ch 13: Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance > Flashcards

Ch 13: Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q

The Urinary System

A

this includes the two kidneys two ureters, a urinary bladder and the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Urea

A

a byproduct of the proteins by body cells mineral salts, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Homeostasis

A

by eliminating the excess water, the Urinary system helps maintain a proper balance of fluids in the body the best pH is neutral or slightly basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ureter

A

the urine collects in this tube and leads out of the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nephrons

A

are the functional units of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Urethra

A

Urine passes out of the body through the Urethra
The bladder usually voids approximately 250 mL at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ph

A

4.6-8.0 acid base imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Protein

A

Negative- Renal disease may occur temporarily after activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urine

A

inspected for color clarity and odor
Abnormalities include: red urine is indicative of bleeding in the kidneys or bladder. Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to renal disease of infection. sweet smelling urine indicates diabetes Mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kidney ureter, bladder (KUB)

A

X-ray used to evaluate the structures of the kidney such as a lacerated kidney or for the presence of sones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

A

uses radiopaque dye to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters and bladder, a defect may indicate indicates a tumor, or a problem with glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Residual Urine

A

urine remaining in the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oliguria

A

decreased urine output of 100 to 400 in a 24 hour period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anuria

A

less 100 mL in 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Kidney Stones

A

are formed when salts in the urine form and precipitate the formation of a stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

A

Infections in the kidneys, ureters or bladder
older adults are more prone to these due to underlying conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

24
Q

Ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

25
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
26
Renal Failure
Total lack of kidney function chronic renal failure is progressive irreversible damage of both kidneys, Acute has a rapid onset and can possibly be reversed.
27
Azotemia
the accululation of nitrogenous wastes products
28
Dialysis
Medical filtering of the blood using a machine
29
Diuretics
make the kidneys excrete more urine
30
electrolytes
electrical ions of dissolved salts carry chemicals through the body's system
31
Hypercalcemia VS Hypocalcemia
High blood calcium levels vs low calcium levels in the blood
32
Hyperlkalemia Hypokalemia
High blood potassium levels Low potassium level
33
Alkalosis
Means too alkaline or over a pH of 7
33
Hypernatremia VS Hyponatremia
High blood sodium Low blood sodium
34
Acidosis
means too acid, or below normal pH of 7
35
Acidifiers
add more acid (ammonia chloride, sodium bi phosphate)
36
Alkalizers
make more alkaline (sodium bicarbonate,)
37
Antobiotics
UTI: cefaclor (ceclor) cefadoxil monohydrate, Cipro, floxin, NegGram
38
Diuretics
furosemide (lasix), mannitol (Osmitrol), acetazolamide (Diamox) Side Effects: lower blood pressure, causes light headedness, dizziness, fatigue, and muscle weakness
38
Replacement of Electrolytes and Fluids
Potassium (Slow-k, K-Lyte, Kaon), CAlcium (calcium gluconate), magnesium, will always be given with loop diuretics
39
Indwelling Catheter
remains inside the bladder for an extended amount of time
40
Urinary Antiseptics
Cipro, Bactrim, Septra, nitrofurntoin (Furadantin,macrodantin) cefadroxil monohydrate (duracef,ultracef) ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen) phenazopyridine
41
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) Oral,IV
Uses: UTI, otitis media,bronchitis, travelers diarrhea Action:blocks 2 consecutive steps in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins essential for many bacteria Dose:1-2 double strength, tablets taken in 1 dose; 2 regular strength tablets, 4 teaspoons of suspension every 12 hours for 10-14 days, do not give if allergic to sulfa Side Effects:Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, anorexia, blood disorders, headache
42
Cipro flaxacin Cipro (oral)
Uses: UTI, respiratory, bone and skin infections Action: Inhibits DNA gyrase Dose: 250-500 mg PO every 12hrs; 400 mg IV every 12 hrs Side Effects: nausea headache, rash
43
Nitrofuratonin (Furadantin, Macrodantin) Oral
Uses: UTI Actions: Interferes with Bacterial Enzyme Systems Dose: 50-100 mg TID or QID; give with food to avoidgastric irritation; rinse mouth to avoid staining police Side Effects:Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, may turn urine brown or darker
44
cefadroxil monohydrate (Dricef, Ultracef) oral
Uses: UTI Actions:Inhibits cell wall Sythesis Dose:500 mg daily Side Effects:nausea, diarrhea , dyspepsia
45
ampicillin (Omnipen,Principen) Oral
Uses: UTI Actions:Is bactericidal; inhibits, cell wall synthesis Dose: 1-4 PO daily every 4 hrs Side Effects:rash itching, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea, vomitting
46
Phenazopyradine (Priidium) Oral
Uses: Pain with urinary tract irritation or infection Actions: Anesthetizes mucousa membranes of the urinary tract Dose:100-200 mg rid p.c. Side Effects: headache vertigo, discoloration of urine
47
Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril) Oral
Uses: Edema, hypertention Actions:increases sodium and water secretions, Dose: 25-100 mg 1-2 times daily, give early in day because of increased urination;monitor weight and and fluid intake/output Side Effects:gastric irritation, muscle wekness Hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, pancreatitis
48
Furosemide (Lasix) Oral, IM, IV
Uses:Edema, hypertension, chronic renal failure Actions: is a potent loop diuretic; inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride Dose:20-80 mg PO initially then gradually increased to 600 mg a day in patients, with severely edematious states Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, dehydration, Anemia, leukopenia, rash, orthostatic hypotension, Hypokalemia
49
Triamterene (dyenium)
Uses: Edema Actions:Conserves potassium and excretes sodium Dose: Individualized 100 mg bid after meals, avoid excessive intake of potassium rich foods Side Effects:nausea vomitting, weakness, rash, dry mouth,hypotension, dizziness
50
Potassium (Slow-K,K-lyte, Kaon)
Uses:potassium deficiency Actions:potassium ion replacement Dose: 20 mEq/day for prevention of hypokelemia; 4-100 mEq/day or more for treatment of potassium depletion Side Effects:Nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal distress, hyperkalemia
51
52
53

Certified Medication Aid (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions