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Certified Medication Aid > Ch 13: Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance > Flashcards

Ch 13: Drugs for the Urinary System and Fluid Balance Flashcards

1
Q

The Urinary System

A

this includes the two kidneys two ureters, a urinary bladder and the urethra

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2
Q

Urea

A

a byproduct of the proteins by body cells mineral salts, and water

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

by eliminating the excess water, the Urinary system helps maintain a proper balance of fluids in the body the best pH is neutral or slightly basic

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4
Q

Ureter

A

the urine collects in this tube and leads out of the kidneys

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5
Q

Nephrons

A

are the functional units of the kidney

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6
Q

Urethra

A

Urine passes out of the body through the Urethra
The bladder usually voids approximately 250 mL at a time

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7
Q

Ph

A

4.6-8.0 acid base imbalance

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Protein

A

Negative- Renal disease may occur temporarily after activity

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10
Q

Urine

A

inspected for color clarity and odor
Abnormalities include: red urine is indicative of bleeding in the kidneys or bladder. Cloudy or foamy urine may alert the physician to renal disease of infection. sweet smelling urine indicates diabetes Mellitus

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11
Q

hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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12
Q

pyuria

A

pus in urine

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13
Q

Kidney ureter, bladder (KUB)

A

X-ray used to evaluate the structures of the kidney such as a lacerated kidney or for the presence of sones

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14
Q

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)

A

uses radiopaque dye to visualize the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters and bladder, a defect may indicate indicates a tumor, or a problem with glomerular filtration

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15
Q

Residual Urine

A

urine remaining in the bladder

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16
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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17
Q

Oliguria

A

decreased urine output of 100 to 400 in a 24 hour period

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18
Q

Anuria

A

less 100 mL in 24 hrs

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19
Q

Kidney Stones

A

are formed when salts in the urine form and precipitate the formation of a stone

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20
Q

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

A

Infections in the kidneys, ureters or bladder
older adults are more prone to these due to underlying conditions

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21
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

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22
Q

Nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

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23
Q

Cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

24
Q

Ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

25
Q

Urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

26
Q

Renal Failure

A

Total lack of kidney function
chronic renal failure is progressive irreversible damage of both kidneys, Acute has a rapid onset and can possibly be reversed.

27
Q

Azotemia

A

the accululation of nitrogenous wastes products

28
Q

Dialysis

A

Medical filtering of the blood using a machine

29
Q

Diuretics

A

make the kidneys excrete more urine

30
Q

electrolytes

A

electrical ions of dissolved salts carry chemicals through the body’s system

31
Q

Hypercalcemia VS
Hypocalcemia

A

High blood calcium levels vs low calcium levels in the blood

32
Q

Hyperlkalemia
Hypokalemia

A

High blood potassium levels
Low potassium level

33
Q

Alkalosis

A

Means too alkaline or over a pH of 7

33
Q

Hypernatremia VS Hyponatremia

A

High blood sodium
Low blood sodium

34
Q

Acidosis

A

means too acid, or below normal pH of 7

35
Q

Acidifiers

A

add more acid (ammonia chloride, sodium bi phosphate)

36
Q

Alkalizers

A

make more alkaline (sodium bicarbonate,)

37
Q

Antobiotics

A

UTI: cefaclor (ceclor) cefadoxil monohydrate, Cipro, floxin, NegGram

38
Q

Diuretics

A

furosemide (lasix), mannitol (Osmitrol), acetazolamide (Diamox)
Side Effects: lower blood pressure, causes light headedness, dizziness, fatigue, and muscle weakness

38
Q

Replacement of Electrolytes and Fluids

A

Potassium (Slow-k, K-Lyte, Kaon), CAlcium (calcium gluconate), magnesium, will always be given with loop diuretics

39
Q

Indwelling Catheter

A

remains inside the bladder for an extended amount of time

40
Q

Urinary Antiseptics

A

Cipro, Bactrim, Septra, nitrofurntoin (Furadantin,macrodantin)
cefadroxil monohydrate (duracef,ultracef) ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen) phenazopyridine

41
Q

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) Oral,IV

A

Uses: UTI, otitis media,bronchitis, travelers diarrhea
Action:blocks 2 consecutive steps in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins essential for many bacteria
Dose:1-2 double strength, tablets taken in 1 dose; 2 regular strength tablets, 4 teaspoons of suspension every 12 hours for 10-14 days, do not give if allergic to sulfa
Side Effects:Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, anorexia, blood disorders, headache

42
Q

Cipro flaxacin Cipro (oral)

A

Uses: UTI, respiratory, bone and skin infections
Action: Inhibits DNA gyrase
Dose: 250-500 mg PO every 12hrs; 400 mg IV every 12 hrs
Side Effects: nausea headache, rash

43
Q

Nitrofuratonin (Furadantin, Macrodantin) Oral

A

Uses: UTI
Actions: Interferes with Bacterial Enzyme Systems
Dose: 50-100 mg TID or QID; give with food to avoidgastric irritation; rinse mouth to avoid staining police
Side Effects:Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, may turn urine brown or darker

44
Q

cefadroxil monohydrate (Dricef, Ultracef) oral

A

Uses: UTI
Actions:Inhibits cell wall Sythesis
Dose:500 mg daily
Side Effects:nausea, diarrhea , dyspepsia

45
Q

ampicillin (Omnipen,Principen)
Oral

A

Uses: UTI
Actions:Is bactericidal; inhibits, cell wall synthesis
Dose: 1-4 PO daily every 4 hrs
Side Effects:rash itching, shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea, vomitting

46
Q

Phenazopyradine (Priidium)
Oral

A

Uses: Pain with urinary tract irritation or infection
Actions: Anesthetizes mucousa membranes of the urinary tract
Dose:100-200 mg rid p.c.
Side Effects: headache vertigo, discoloration of urine

47
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrodiuril) Oral

A

Uses: Edema, hypertention
Actions:increases sodium and water secretions,
Dose: 25-100 mg 1-2 times daily, give early in day because of increased urination;monitor weight and and fluid intake/output
Side Effects:gastric irritation, muscle wekness Hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, pancreatitis

48
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Oral, IM, IV

A

Uses:Edema, hypertension, chronic renal failure
Actions: is a potent loop diuretic; inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride
Dose:20-80 mg PO initially then gradually increased to 600 mg a day in patients, with severely edematious states
Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, dehydration, Anemia, leukopenia, rash, orthostatic hypotension, Hypokalemia

49
Q

Triamterene (dyenium)

A

Uses: Edema
Actions:Conserves potassium and excretes sodium
Dose: Individualized 100 mg bid after meals, avoid excessive intake of potassium rich foods
Side Effects:nausea vomitting, weakness, rash, dry mouth,hypotension, dizziness

50
Q

Potassium (Slow-K,K-lyte, Kaon)

A

Uses:potassium deficiency
Actions:potassium ion replacement
Dose: 20 mEq/day for prevention of hypokelemia; 4-100 mEq/day or more for treatment of potassium depletion
Side Effects:Nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal distress, hyperkalemia

Certified Medication Aid (17 decks)

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