Ch 12: Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
GI System
- Breaking food into smaller pieces
2.transporting food through the GI tract - Secreting digestive Enzymes
- Absorbing nutrients into the blood
- Excreting the solid waste products
Peristalsis
this process puts food in physical and chemical processes that take place in different parts of the system
Mouth
the teeth and toungue work together to break down food and move into the correct position, before chewing begins the salivary glands begin to produce saliva
Esophagus
the epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering the lungs the food then passes from the pharynx to the stomach
Stomach
can hold up to 2 quarts of food dotted with 35 million tiny glands that secrete gastric juice, it dissolves food destroys bacteria, and breaks down connective tissues in meats
Chyme: liquefied masses
Small Intestines
duodenum mixes strong digestive enzymes for the pancreas and the liver complete the process of breaking down food into molecules of protein sugar fat minerals and so on
Villi
responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream
Large Intestine
excess water is absorbed into the bloodstream leaving undigested waste
Liver and Gallbladder
Liver is the largest gland in the body, secretes bile, stores nutrients absorbed from the small intestine, breaks down or inactivates many drugs
Pancreas
it produces digestive juices that complete chemical changes and turn fats,proteins, and carbohydrates into absorbabale particles, secretes insulin
Dyspepsia
indigestion
Autonomic Control
People cannot consciously control what goes on in their stomachs, stress can either accelerate or slow this process
Hyperacidity
heartburn
Eructation
belching
Laxatives
Drugs that promote bowel movement
Nausea
is a queasy feeling in the stomach
Vomiting
Emisis, rids the body of irritating foods or liquids
Heartburn
burning sensation in the stomach, that may be felt in esophagus and the throat as well
Anorexia
Loss of appetite, sudden severe weight loss, change in appearance,
Diarrhea
means passing loose or watery stools too often
Constipation
is the failure to have a regular bowel movement
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Endoscopes
May be used to visually examine
Gastritis
inflammation of the stomach signaled by the epigastric tenderness, vomiting, and a sense of fullness
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Breakdown of the mucosal barrier, a excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCL)
Antacids
drugs that neutralize HCL in the stomach
Histamine H2-receptor-antagonists
drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretions
Cirrhosis
Is a chronic progressive disease of the liver that is characterized by the degeneration of the and destruction of the liver cells
Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
Gallstones
Small granules consisting of cholesterol in the gallbladder, they can block the tubes or the openings
Pancreatitis
is an inflammation of the pancreas that causes severe pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, vomitting, fever hypotension, tachycardia and jaundice
Shock
Digestants
used as pancreatic enzymes replacement therapy in chronic pancreatitis
Ulcerative Collitis
is a disease of the colon and rectum, characterized by inflammation and ulceration with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations
Crohn’s Disease
chronic and non-specific bowel disease of unknown etiology that can affect any portion of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, but generally it affects the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon
Peritonitis
Acute inflammation of the membranes that line the abdomen, caused by trauma or a rupture of an organ
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
group of symptoms characterized by intermittent abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel patters
Diverticulosis
multiple pouches develop in the walls of the large intestines, no symptoms until the pouches become inflamed
Hemmroids
Enlarged hemorrhoidal veins they can become swollen and painful
Tumors
either benign or malignant may grow in any part of the GI tract, causing obstruction, bleeding pressure, or rupture and and producing a variety of symptoms
intestinal Parasites
Worms that live in the intestines such as hookworms,tapeworms, Trichna worms, pinworms, and roundworms found in undercooked meats especially pork
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Block the final step of acid production
Omeprazole (Prilosec) lansoprrazole (Prevacid)Nexium, achiplex, protonix
Digestants
Promote the process of digestion
Pancreatine (Entozyme, Donnazyme) Viokase,cotazym, pancrease
Antacids
Relieve gastritis and ulcer pain
Calcium carbonates, aluminium salts, magnesium salts, magnesium hydroxide, oxide, carbonate, trisilate
Magnesium: causes diarrhea
Aluminum salts: constipate
Antiflatulents
Reduces the gas in the stomach and accompanies indigestion
Mylicon, Phazyme,Gas-X and mylanta, beano
Emetics
drugs that produce vomiting
ipicac, activated charcoal
Antiemetics
Suppresses nausea and vomiting by acting on the brains control center center to stop the nerve impulses
Dramamine,marezine,bucladine-s, antivert Bonine, zofran, tigan, probanthine, amrinol, emete-can regalint torecan
Anticholinergics
blocks the action of acetylcholine, chemical substance that helps transmit nerve impulses include those that stimulate the acid secreting glands of the stomach
Antispasmodics
have an effect of on the smooth muscle and very little effect on the secretion of acid
Antidiarrheals
Absorbing the bacteria and toxins that cause the diarrhea and passing them out with the stools;inhibits the intestinal motility, coating the walls of the GI tract
Pepto-Bismol, Imodium, Kaopectate,
Anti inflammatory
methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) Dipetum, Rowasa, Cortenema, Cortifoam
Laxatives
Dulcolax, Neoloid, Fletchers Castoria, Senokot
Saline
Milk of Magnesia, Saline laxatives
Bulk-forming (high-fiber)
drugs that increase bulk
Metamucil, Citrucel
Lubricants
softens and coats the stoool
Stool Softener
ducosate sodium (colace),
lubiprostone (amitiza)
Combination of stool Softener and stimulants
doctorate sodium and senna
Osmotic Drugs
short term treatment of constipation Miralax
Antihelmintics
drugs given for an intestinal infection of worms Mintezol,Antiminith, Hetrazan
