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Certified Medication Aid > Ch 12: Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Ch 12: Drugs for the Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

GI System

A
  1. Breaking food into smaller pieces
    2.transporting food through the GI tract
  2. Secreting digestive Enzymes
  3. Absorbing nutrients into the blood
  4. Excreting the solid waste products
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2
Q

Peristalsis

A

this process puts food in physical and chemical processes that take place in different parts of the system

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3
Q

Mouth

A

the teeth and toungue work together to break down food and move into the correct position, before chewing begins the salivary glands begin to produce saliva

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4
Q

Esophagus

A

the epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering the lungs the food then passes from the pharynx to the stomach

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5
Q

Stomach

A

can hold up to 2 quarts of food dotted with 35 million tiny glands that secrete gastric juice, it dissolves food destroys bacteria, and breaks down connective tissues in meats
Chyme: liquefied masses

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6
Q

Small Intestines

A

duodenum mixes strong digestive enzymes for the pancreas and the liver complete the process of breaking down food into molecules of protein sugar fat minerals and so on

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7
Q

Villi

A

responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream

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8
Q

Large Intestine

A

excess water is absorbed into the bloodstream leaving undigested waste

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9
Q

Liver and Gallbladder

A

Liver is the largest gland in the body, secretes bile, stores nutrients absorbed from the small intestine, breaks down or inactivates many drugs

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10
Q

Pancreas

A

it produces digestive juices that complete chemical changes and turn fats,proteins, and carbohydrates into absorbabale particles, secretes insulin

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11
Q

Dyspepsia

A

indigestion

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12
Q

Autonomic Control

A

People cannot consciously control what goes on in their stomachs, stress can either accelerate or slow this process

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13
Q

Hyperacidity

A

heartburn

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14
Q

Eructation

A

belching

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15
Q

Laxatives

A

Drugs that promote bowel movement

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16
Q

Nausea

A

is a queasy feeling in the stomach

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17
Q

Vomiting

A

Emisis, rids the body of irritating foods or liquids

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18
Q

Heartburn

A

burning sensation in the stomach, that may be felt in esophagus and the throat as well

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19
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite, sudden severe weight loss, change in appearance,

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19
Q

Diarrhea

A

means passing loose or watery stools too often

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19
Q

Constipation

A

is the failure to have a regular bowel movement

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20
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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21
Q

Endoscopes

A

May be used to visually examine

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22
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach signaled by the epigastric tenderness, vomiting, and a sense of fullness

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23
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Breakdown of the mucosal barrier, a excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCL)
24
Antacids
drugs that neutralize HCL in the stomach
25
Histamine H2-receptor-antagonists
drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretions
26
Cirrhosis
Is a chronic progressive disease of the liver that is characterized by the degeneration of the and destruction of the liver cells
26
Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
27
Gallstones
Small granules consisting of cholesterol in the gallbladder, they can block the tubes or the openings
28
Pancreatitis
is an inflammation of the pancreas that causes severe pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, vomitting, fever hypotension, tachycardia and jaundice
29
Shock
30
Digestants
used as pancreatic enzymes replacement therapy in chronic pancreatitis
31
Ulcerative Collitis
is a disease of the colon and rectum, characterized by inflammation and ulceration with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations
32
Crohn's Disease
chronic and non-specific bowel disease of unknown etiology that can affect any portion of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, but generally it affects the terminal ileum, jejunum, and colon
33
Peritonitis
Acute inflammation of the membranes that line the abdomen, caused by trauma or a rupture of an organ
34
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
group of symptoms characterized by intermittent abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel patters
35
Diverticulosis
multiple pouches develop in the walls of the large intestines, no symptoms until the pouches become inflamed
36
Hemmroids
Enlarged hemorrhoidal veins they can become swollen and painful
37
Tumors
either benign or malignant may grow in any part of the GI tract, causing obstruction, bleeding pressure, or rupture and and producing a variety of symptoms
38
intestinal Parasites
Worms that live in the intestines such as hookworms,tapeworms, Trichna worms, pinworms, and roundworms found in undercooked meats especially pork
39
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Block the final step of acid production Omeprazole (Prilosec) lansoprrazole (Prevacid)Nexium, achiplex, protonix
39
Digestants
Promote the process of digestion Pancreatine (Entozyme, Donnazyme) Viokase,cotazym, pancrease
40
Antacids
Relieve gastritis and ulcer pain Calcium carbonates, aluminium salts, magnesium salts, magnesium hydroxide, oxide, carbonate, trisilate Magnesium: causes diarrhea Aluminum salts: constipate
41
Antiflatulents
Reduces the gas in the stomach and accompanies indigestion Mylicon, Phazyme,Gas-X and mylanta, beano
42
Emetics
drugs that produce vomiting ipicac, activated charcoal
43
Antiemetics
Suppresses nausea and vomiting by acting on the brains control center center to stop the nerve impulses Dramamine,marezine,bucladine-s, antivert Bonine, zofran, tigan, probanthine, amrinol, emete-can regalint torecan
44
Anticholinergics
blocks the action of acetylcholine, chemical substance that helps transmit nerve impulses include those that stimulate the acid secreting glands of the stomach
45
Antispasmodics
have an effect of on the smooth muscle and very little effect on the secretion of acid
46
Antidiarrheals
Absorbing the bacteria and toxins that cause the diarrhea and passing them out with the stools;inhibits the intestinal motility, coating the walls of the GI tract Pepto-Bismol, Imodium, Kaopectate,
47
Anti inflammatory
methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) Dipetum, Rowasa, Cortenema, Cortifoam
48
Laxatives
Dulcolax, Neoloid, Fletchers Castoria, Senokot
49
Saline
Milk of Magnesia, Saline laxatives
50
Bulk-forming (high-fiber)
drugs that increase bulk Metamucil, Citrucel
50
Lubricants
softens and coats the stoool
51
Stool Softener
ducosate sodium (colace), lubiprostone (amitiza)
52
Combination of stool Softener and stimulants
doctorate sodium and senna
53
Osmotic Drugs
short term treatment of constipation Miralax
54
Antihelmintics
drugs given for an intestinal infection of worms Mintezol,Antiminith, Hetrazan
55
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Certified Medication Aid (17 decks)

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