Ch 11: Drugs for the Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiratory System
consists of the organs that make it possible for blood to exchange glasses with air, the nose the pharynx,larynx,trachea, bronchi, and lungs. How the lifeline of the body,supplying a contiguous uninterrupted source of oxygen.
Respiration
the exchange of gases between blood and air normal respiration in adults is 16-18 in children between 12-25
Coughing
Protective reflexto clear the trachea, bronchi, and lungs of secretions, irritants such as pus,mucus, or fluid in the lungs, may be controlled or uncontrolled
Sputum
Mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways, varies in color and consistency.
Hoarseness
difficulty making sounds when trying to speak, abnormal growth on the larynxor infection in the throat.
Wheezing
High pitched, musical sound occuring through a narrow pathway. Causes include asthma, bronchitis, or allergies
Chest Pain
Angina: chest tightness, pain with deep breath,or stabbing of pain unexpectedly
Abnormal Breathing
Dyspenea, Tachypenea, Apnea,Hyerpenea, Othorpenea
Dyspnea
shortness of breath or labored breathing
Tachypenea
rapid breathing
Apnea
cessation of breathing
Hyperpnea
hyper ventilation
Orthopnea
difficulty breathing when lying down
Pulse Oximetry
Probe is attached the ear, finger, toe, or bridge of the nose
Pneumonia
infections in the lower respiratory tract (bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli) caused by bacteria that normally live in the human body.
Bronchitis
is an inflammation of the air passageways caused by irritants, allergic reactions, flu or viruses it can be acute or chronic
Emphysema
is the results of enlargement and damage of alveolar sacs, reduce the surface of the alveoli sacsand limit the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Bronchodiltors
expand the bronhioles and things the sputum making it easier to cough and promote coughing up sputum that is blocking the airways
Pleurisy
inflammation in the linings of the lungs (pleura) and the lung cavities
Asthma
airway obstruction, inflammation, and increased response to stimuli
Peak Flow Meter
measures the the air flowing out of the lungs, blow forcefully into the device.
Cancers of the Respiratory Tract
include cancers of the head and neck: Lung Cancer,
Pulmonary Embolism
is the most common complication found in hospitalized patients. starts with a thrombosis in the leg, this is why mobility in patients include sudden unexplained dyspenea, Tachypenea or tachycardia
Treat with anti coagulation medication
Tuberculosis
infectious disease when coughing spreads rod shaped bacteria known as tuberele bacilli
Combination of drugs isoniazid, rifampin, streptomyacin, and ethambutol
respiratory isolation is required
H1N1 (Swine flu)
respiratory disorder caused viruses that normally produce illness in pigs
Symptoms:sever cough sore throat, headache chills, diarrhea, fatigue and vomiting
Inflammations of the nose sinuses, and throat
Rhinitis, sinusitis, strep throat
allergies are seasonal Rhinitis
Nicotine Dependence
is a physical vulnerability to the chemical nicotine
Nicoderm CQ, Nicorette, Habitrol, Nicotrol Inhaler, Nicotrol NS, Chantix Aventinor,Pamelor
Antitussives
drugs that are cough suppressants, DImetapp DM
Rebound effect
can occur when a decongestant is stopped after continued use when the drug effect wears off the mucus membranes swell even more than before
Decongestsnts
vaso constrictors used for nasal congestion because they shrink engorged mucus membranes usually present in respiratory infections
Antihistamines
are drugs are drugs that work against the effects of histamines, they are used for allergic conditions such as hay fever. shrink the bronchial muscles and vessels
Allegra, Zyrtec, claratin, periactin
Bronchodialators and Anti-Asthematics
cause the bronchioles to relax, usually in inhaled forms methylxanthine derivatives, are bronchiodilators
DImetapp, Ornade, Aerobid
Postural Drainage
place the patient where gravity help draw secretions from certain areas of the lungs and bronchi into the trachea
Mucolytics
drugs that liquefy or break down tenacious mucous so that it can be couched up more easily
Percussion
is another technique of dislodging fluid, striking the chest wall over the area being drained
Nebulizer
a small machine used to convert drugs into a mist, that is able to travel deep into the lungs
Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen
requires oxygen therapy
Direct Applications,Sprays, Nose Drops
drugs may be painted, sprayed, or dropped onto the mucous membrane of the nose mouth or throat
ANTITUSSIVES
Codine Oral
Narcotic
Uses: Antitussive
Actions: Suppresses cough, Schedule II controlled substance
Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, palpations,drowsiness
Dose:10-20 mg every 4-6 hrs, do not exceed 120mg in a 24-hr period
Dextromethorphan
(Mediquell,Benylin DM) Oral
Nonnarcotic
Uses: Supression of unproductive cough or cough at bedtime
Actions: inhibits cough reflex
Side Effects: Drowsiness,dizziness,nausea, vomiting
Dose: 10-20 mg every 4 hrs PRN
Acetycysteine
(mucomyst)
inhalant
Uses: as ancillary therapy for patients with abnormal viscid (thick) mucous secretions
Actions: lowers viscosity of mucous
Side Effect: Stomatitus,nausea,vomiting, drowsiness, rhinorrhea
Dose: 3-5 mL of a 20% solution, or 6-10 mL of a 10% solution
Decongestants
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Nasal Solution
Uses: Nasal Congestion
Action: shrinks engorged mucousa membrane
Side effects: burning, stinging, sneezing, dryness of nasal mucosa
Dose:2-3 Sprays into each nostril bid for 3-5 days or 2-3 drops into each nostril bid for 3-5 days
Anti histamines
Cetirizine
(Zyrtec)
Oral
Uses: Seasonal allergic Rhinitis, due to ragweed, grass, tree pollens, dust mites, animal dander, and molds, chronic, idiopathic uritica
Action: Potent H1-histamine receptorantagonistmild bronchodilator effect
Side effect: Somnolence, dry mouth, fatigue, pharyngitis, dizziness
Doses: 5-10 mg a day
Fexofenadine
(Allegra)
Oral
Uses: Seasonal allergic Rhinitis, skin manifestations in idiopathic urticaria
Promethazine
Phenegran
Oral
Chlopheniramine
Teldrin
Oral
