CH:13 Classical Conditioning

Question 0

Aversion therapy

Answer 0

a form of treatment using classical conditioning to cause an undesired behaviour to create an unwanted response, thereby reducing the incidence of the behaviour.

Question 1

Association

Answer 1

a learned connection between two (or more) objects or events – especially significant in classical conditioning

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

reflexive response elicited by previously neutral stimulus through repeated association

Question 3

Conditioned response

Answer 3

Response that is taught to be associated with a stimulus

Question 4

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

Stimulus that has been associated with a response

Question 5

Extinction

Answer 5

when a response no longer occurs. In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented several times after the unconditioned stimulus (which acts as a reinforcer) has been withdrawn.

Question 6

Flooding

Answer 6

actual exposure of patient to feared stimulus at a level greater than usual

Question 7

Graduated exposure

Answer 7

a form of treatment using gradually increasing levels of fear-provoking stimuli paired with induced relaxation, thereby reducing the incidence and level of phobic reaction to the stimulus

Question 8

Learning

Answer 8

a relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience

Question 9

Learning curve

Answer 9

Add

Question 10

Neutral stimulus

Answer 10

neutral stimulus (NS) (in classical conditioning) the name given to the conditioned stimulus before it becomes conditioned. It is referred to as a neutral stimulus while it fails to produce a response

Question 11

Pavlov’s research

Answer 11

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Question 12

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 12

the reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period

Question 13

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 13

when an organism responds to the conditioned stimulus but not to any stimulus which is similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 14

Stimulus generalisation

Answer 14

when an organism responds to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus

Question 15

Unconditioned reflex response

Answer 15

the response that occurs automatically when the unconditioned stimulus is presented. The UCR is a reflexive or involuntary response as it is predictably caused by an UCS.

Question 16

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 16

any stimulus which consistently produces a particular naturally occurring automatic response (e.g. the food in Pavlov’s experiments)

Question 17

Conditioning

Answer 17

the process of learning associations between a stimulus in the environment (one event) and a behavioural response (another event)

Question 18

Role of the learner

Answer 18

Passive - reflexive behaviour occurs without any deliberate action from the learner

Question 19

Timing of stimulus

Answer 19

Stimulus before response (reflexive behaviour in response to a stimulus). Timing half a second apart

Question 20

Nature of response

Answer 20

Reflexive - the learner has no control over behaviour

Question 21

Acquisition

Answer 21

By pairing neutral stimulus with unconditioned stimulus