CH:07 Studies Of Cognitive Processes

Question 0

Perception

Answer 0

The processes involving the way the brain organises and interprets sensory information

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

A broad term that relates to mental processes such as thinking, problem solving, language and what we think of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

Spatial neglect

Answer 2

A disorder in which the person affected systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body. This occurs after brain damage usually in the posterior region of their right parietal lobe and results in the person ignoring stimuli on their left side

Question 3

Right visual field

Answer 3

Visual stimuli on the right hand side of the stationary point on which the persons eyes are fixated

Question 4

Photoreceptors

Answer 4

A layer of specialised nerve cells that detects visual stimuli. They make up the retina located at the back of their eye, and converts visual light energy (light waves within our visual spectrum) into. Electrochemical energy (nerve impulses)

Question 5

Pseudo neglect

Answer 5

A tendency to display a leftward attentional bias (the left side of space tends to be looked at for longer than the right) and is found in most normally functional people

Question 6

Optic nerve

Answer 6

The two tracts of neurons that transmit visual information from the eyes to the occipital lobes of the brain

Question 7

Optic chasm

Answer 7

The point at the base of the forebrain where the optic nerves from each eye meet and cross over

Question 8

Left visual field

Answer 8

Visual stimulus on the left hand side of the stations point that the persons eyes are fixated on

Question 9

Retina

Answer 9

A layer of photoreceptors located at the back of the eye that detects visual stimuli

Question 10

Split brain

Answer 10

Occurs after brain surgery in which the corpus callosum is severed. Two sides of the brain are still connected at the subcortical (deeper) level, but the two hemispheres are separated

Question 11

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 11

Inability to produce clear, fluent speech

Question 12

Aphasia

Answer 12

Impairment of language due to damage to the brain (usually by stroke)

Question 13

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 13

Results from damage to the wernickes area, located in the left temporal lobe near the parietal lobe boundary, that causes difficulty in understanding written and spoken languages that makes sense to others. Speech is fluent but does not make sense

Question 14

Corpus callosum

Answer 14

Thick band of nerve fibres connecting the right and left hemispheres

Question 15

Cognitive processes

Answer 15

The mental processes involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge (attention, perception, memory……)

Question 16

Sensory neurons

Answer 16

Specialist neurons that transfer messages away from the sense organs in the PNS up the spinal cord to the brain in the CNS

Question 17

Inter neurons

Answer 17

Transmit messages between sensory and motor neurons which don’t make direct connections, and from one neuron to another within the CNS. The most numerous neurons, they are only found in the CNS

Question 18

Motor neurons

Answer 18

Efferent - specialist neurons which transfer messages seat form the CNS to the muscles, organs and glands in the PNS enabling bodily movement, activation of internal organs and glandular secretions