CH:09 Mechanisms Of Memory Formation

Question 0

Amnesia

Answer 0

Memory loss

Question 1

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 1

a disease which progressively destroys neurons in the brain, causing memory loss

Question 2

Amygdala

Answer 2

an almond-shaped structure, located in the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It is central in emotion, aggression and in implicit learning. It is vital in initiating and processing emotional responses and forming emotional memories

Question 3

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 3

inability to encode and store new memories.

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

the part of a neuron along which the electrochemical nerve-impulse is transmitted

Question 5

Consolidation

Answer 5

process in which the brain forms a permanent representation of memory

Question 6

Dendrite

Answer 6

the tree-like element of a neuron that receives information from other neurons.

Question 7

Hippocampus

Answer 7

finger-sized curved structure that
lies in the medial temporal lobes. It is responsible for the formation and consolidation of explicit (declarative) memories and acts to transfer these to other parts of the brain for storage as long-term memory. Also responsible for spatial memory and navigation

Question 8

Neuron

Answer 8

nerve cells, responsible for communication within the body. They receive, process and transmit information.

Question 9

Neurotransmitter

Answer 9

chemicals that help the communication across nerve synapses

Question 10

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 10

inability to recall previously stored memories. This is a problem with retrieval

Question 11

Soma

Answer 11

cell body of a neuron. Controls metabolism and maintenance of the cell

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

the connection between two neurons. It is the junction between two neurons where the end of the presynaptic neuron comes into clost proximity with the receptor sites on the dendrites of a post synaptic neuron,

Question 13

Synaptic transmission

Answer 13

The process of neurons communication with other neurons via a chemical process

Question 14

Brain trauma

Answer 14

Refers to physiologically based amnesia. It is typically partial and selective amnesia. Can be caused by traumatic head injury, disease, seizure, malnutrition or chemical damage due to drugs

Question 15

Dementia

Answer 15

A disorder affecting higher mental functions, which can be caused by a variety of factors including reduced blood supply to the brain

Question 16

Memory

Answer 16

The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information